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Longquan Celadon Bowls: Glaze of Glaze Stone, Husk-and-Lime Ash and Zijin Clay, Reduction Fired
Daderot · CC0
Clay

Yenziwe ngu-

Clay

1. uLwezi 2026DK
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Longquan Celadon Bowls: Glaze of Glaze Stone, Husk-and-Lime Ash and Zijin Clay, Reduction Fired

Longquan celadon, made in Longquan, China, since the 10th century, is a thick jade-green glaze over a bisque-fired body. The glaze is three powders washed out of local materials: glaze stone, the ash of rice husk burnt together with limestone, and iron-rich Zijin clay. Fired in reduction between 900 and 1230 °C, the iron in the glaze turns blue-green. Result: thick-glazed, jade-green celadon bowls. Source: the video 'Longquan celadon' by Shanbai (2025), checked frame by frame against its captions. Not given: amounts, the glaze proportion, ageing times, how iron is taken out, firing times. Unknown: the clay body of the bowls; the video does not show it. Photo: Southern Song Longquan bowl, Royal Ontario Museum, by Daderot (CC0).
Osezingeni eliphezulu
several weeks

Imiyalelo

1

Watch: Longquan celadon from stone to bowl

The whole process in eight minutes, by Shanbai: preparing the three glaze materials, throwing and bisque firing the bowls, glazing, and the reduction firing.
2

Pound the glaze stone

Crush the glaze stone in a stone mortar with a foot-trodden pestle.

Izinto zokwakha zalesi sinyathelo:

Itshe le-glazeItshe le-glaze1 as required

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

Isigxobo esinyathelwayoIsigxobo esinyathelwayo
3

Sieve and settle the stone

Sieve the crushed stone and pound the coarse bits again. Stir the fine stone into water in a vat, sieve off the fine particles suspended in the water into another vat, and let them settle.

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

Isethi yezisefo (izimbobo ezilandelanayo)Isethi yezisefo (izimbobo ezilandelanayo)
AmanziAmanzi
Isitsha Sobumba EsinesivaloIsitsha Sobumba Esinesivalo
Isipuni esikhulu sokuphakelaIsipuni esikhulu sokuphakela
4

Burn rice husk with limestone

In a brick-edged bed outdoors, lay rice husk and limestone in alternate layers and burn them. Turn the materials several times during the firing so the husk burns completely.

Izinto zokwakha zalesi sinyathelo:

Amakhoba erayisiAmakhoba erayisi1 as required
Isigaxa setshe lomcakoIsigaxa setshe lomcako1 as required

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

IsitiniIsitini
IfosholoIfosholo
5

Sieve and wash the ash

Sieve the ash into a vat. Add water and ladle it through a fine sieve into a fresh vat. While this 'black glaze' settles, change the water and wash it several times.

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

Isethi yezisefo (izimbobo ezilandelanayo)Isethi yezisefo (izimbobo ezilandelanayo)
Isitsha Sobumba EsinesivaloIsitsha Sobumba Esinesivalo
AmanziAmanzi
Isipuni esikhulu sokuphakelaIsipuni esikhulu sokuphakela
6

Mill and settle the Zijin clay

Grind the dry Zijin clay to powder in a stone hand mill. Mix it well with water, sieve it into a fresh vat and let the fine particles settle.

Izinto zokwakha zalesi sinyathelo:

Ubumba lweZijinUbumba lweZijin1 as required

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

Itshe Lokugaya NgesandlaItshe Lokugaya Ngesandla
AmanziAmanzi
Isethi yezisefo (izimbobo ezilandelanayo)Isethi yezisefo (izimbobo ezilandelanayo)
Isitsha Sobumba EsinesivaloIsitsha Sobumba Esinesivalo
7

Dewater in bags, then age

Drain the water off each of the three vats without stirring up the settled powder. Scoop each paste into a cloth bag, lay the bags on a board and press them under a millstone. When they are dewatered to a certain degree, let them age for a while. Not given: how long. Ours: linen bags (as in the transcript).

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

Isipuni esikhulu sokuphakelaIsipuni esikhulu sokuphakela
Isikhwama sikanoniIsikhwama sikanoni
Itshe lokugaya lesandlaItshe lokugaya lesandla
8

Throw the bowls

Throw the bowls on the wheel and let them air-dry in the shade. Unknown: the clay body; the video does not show what it is or how it is made.

Izinto zokwakha zalesi sinyathelo:

Umzimba wobumba ongaziwaUmzimba wobumba ongaziwa1 as required

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

Isondo lombumbiIsondo lombumbi
9

Trim and stamp

Set each dry bowl upside down on a chuck on the wheel, trim the outside and the foot smooth, and stamp your mark in the foot.

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

Isondo lombumbiIsondo lombumbi
Amathuluzi okubaza ukhuni olusemanziAmathuluzi okubaza ukhuni olusemanzi
Isitembu sombumbiIsitembu sombumbi
10

Bisque fire at about 800 °C

Stack the bowls in the kiln, brick up the door and seal it with mud, and fire with wood to about 800 °C. The bisque firing makes the body stronger and more absorbent, so the glaze takes better.

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

IsithandoIsithando
IsitiniIsitini
IzinkuniIzinkuni
I-pyrometerI-pyrometer
11

Make the glaze

Mix the burnt husk-and-lime ash, the glaze stone and the Zijin clay in proportion, add about an equal amount of water, stir and grind fine. Sieve it, take out the iron, and let the glaze age in the glaze vat. Not given: the proportion, how the iron is removed, how long it ages. Rice husk ash, glaze stone and Zijin clay give the silica, feldspar and kaolin; Zijin clay's iron is the colourant; lime and the potash and soda of feldspar lower the melting point.

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

Isigqulo Nomgqulo WetsheIsigqulo Nomgqulo Wetshe
AmanziAmanzi
Isethi yezisefo (izimbobo ezilandelanayo)Isethi yezisefo (izimbobo ezilandelanayo)
Isitsha Sobumba EsinesivaloIsitsha Sobumba Esinesivalo
12

Dip the bowls

Hold each bisque bowl with wire tongs and dip it into the glaze. Let it air-dry.

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

Ubhontshisi wokucwilisaUbhontshisi wokucwilisa
Isitsha Sobumba EsinesivaloIsitsha Sobumba Esinesivalo
13

Spray on more glaze

Set the bowl upside down on a chuck on the wheel and spray glaze evenly over the outside with a mouth-blown sprayer. Repeated bisque firings, dipping and thin spray coats build a thick glaze; Longquan celadon is a lime-alkali glaze that stays put at high temperature. Scrape the glaze off the foot with a knife.

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

Isondo lombumbiIsondo lombumbi
Isifutho se-glaze esishaywa ngomlomoIsifutho se-glaze esishaywa ngomlomo
UmmeseUmmese
14

Reduction fire in saggars

Set the bowls in saggars, stack them in the kiln and seal the door. Between 900 °C and 1230 °C, feed fuel often, and when combustion is insufficient fire in reduction: the iron in the glaze gives up oxygen, and the mix of divalent and trivalent iron turns the glaze blue-green. Not given: how long the firing takes.

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

Ibhokisi lobumba lomliloIbhokisi lobumba lomlilo
IsithandoIsithando
IsitiniIsitini
IzinkuniIzinkuni
I-pyrometerI-pyrometer

Izinto

5

Amathuluzi Adingekayo

21

Le blueprint yenza

Thumbnail
Isibambeli

Isitsha se-celadon saseLongquan

Free

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