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PET Resin: Terephthalic Acid and Ethylene Glycol, Whinfield and Dickson
Charlie

Yenziwe ngu-

Charlie

19. uMfumfu 2026DE
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PET Resin: Terephthalic Acid and Ethylene Glycol, Whinfield and Dickson

PET (polyethylene terephthalate) was invented by Whinfield and Dickson, whose patent (US 2,465,319, 1949) gives this first example: boil terephthalic acid in ethylene glycol until it dissolves, wash and dry the glycol ester, then heat it at 280 °C under nitrogen until it is a viscous polymer that melts at 254–255 °C and can be drawn into fibre. The melt is extruded and cut into chips (pellets) for moulding and spinning. The picture: our diagram.
Osezingeni eliphezulu
About 4 days

Imiyalelo

1

Boil the acid in glycol

Reflux 50 g terephthalic acid with 89 g ethylene glycol for about 72 hours, until it has all dissolved. This makes glycol terephthalate.

Izinto zokwakha zalesi sinyathelo:

I-Terephthalic AcidI-Terephthalic Acid50 g
I-ethylene glycolI-ethylene glycol89 g

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

Isikali sesilinganisoIsikali sesilinganiso
Ibhodlela elinesisekelo esiyindilingaIbhodlela elinesisekelo esiyindilinga
Ugoqo lwe-condenserUgoqo lwe-condenser
Ipuleti ElishisayoIpuleti Elishisayo
2

Wash and dry the ester

Wash the glycol terephthalate with water and dry it under vacuum.

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

Amanzi AcwengisisiweAmanzi Acwengisisiwe
Ifanela Lengilazi ElinomlomoIfanela Lengilazi Elinomlomo
Iphepha LokuhluzaIphepha Lokuhluza
Iphampu yomoyaIphampu yomoya
3

Heat at 280 °C under nitrogen

Melt it and heat at 280 °C for 8½ hours in a slow stream of nitrogen: no air may reach it. It grows thick as it polymerises.

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

Ibhodlela elinesisekelo esiyindilingaIbhodlela elinesisekelo esiyindilinga
Ipuleti ElishisayoIpuleti Elishisayo
I-thermocouple enesibonisiI-thermocouple enesibonisi
Isilinda Segesi Ye-NitrogenIsilinda Segesi Ye-Nitrogen
Amagilavu Amelana NokushisaAmagilavu Amelana Nokushisa
Izibuko Zokuchitheka KwamakhemikhaliIzibuko Zokuchitheka Kwamakhemikhali
4

Test for cold-drawing

Pull a thread from the melt with a rod and let it cool. It is ready when the cold thread can be stretched to several times its length. The finished polymer melts at 254–255 °C.

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

Induku Yengilazi YokugovuzaInduku Yengilazi Yokugovuza
Amagilavu Amelana NokushisaAmagilavu Amelana Nokushisa
5

Extrude and cut into chips

Extrude the molten polymer, let it cool, and cut it into chips (pellets).

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

I-extruder yepulasitikiI-extruder yepulasitiki
I-PelletizerI-Pelletizer
Amagilavu Amelana NokushisaAmagilavu Amelana Nokushisa

Izinto

2

Amathuluzi Adingekayo

15

Le blueprint yenza

Thumbnail
Isibambeli

Ama-pellet e-resin ye-PET

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Ama-blueprint ahlobene

Lama-blueprint abelana ngolwazi — amasu, izinto noma izimiso

Terephthalic Acid: Para-Xylene Oxidised by Air with Manganese and Bromide

Terephthalic Acid: Para-Xylene Oxidised by Air with Manganese and Bromide

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Kwezimboni

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