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Petroleum Coke: Crude Oil Residue Coked in a Delayed Coker and Calcined
Petroleum coke is the solid carbon left from the heaviest part of crude oil. A refinery distils crude oil, then distils the residue again under vacuum, heats what is still left to about 480–505 °C and lets it crack in a coke drum. The drum fills with green coke in 12 to 24 hours; it is cut out with a water jet and calcined in a rotary kiln. Calcined coke feeds synthetic graphite and carbon anodes.
The picture: our diagram of the route from crude oil to calcined coke.
Osezingeni eliphezulu
A day per coke drum
Imiyalelo
1
1
Distil the crude oil
Distil the crude oil
Distil crude oil in an atmospheric column, slightly above atmospheric pressure. Draw off the lighter cuts, among them naphtha (boiling between about 30 and 200 °C), and keep the residue from the bottom, which boils above 370–380 °C.
Izinto zokwakha zalesi sinyathelo:
Uwoyela ongahluziwe1 tAmathuluzi adingekayo:
Insika yokucwenga ngomfutho womoya2
2
Distil the residue under vacuum
Distil the residue under vacuum
Distil that residue again at 10–40 mmHg absolute so it stays below 370–380 °C. The heavy bottoms left are the vacuum residue.
Amathuluzi adingekayo:
Insika yokucwenga ngevakhumu
Iphampu yomoya3
3
Heat and fill the coke drum
Heat and fill the coke drum
Pump the vacuum residue through the coker furnace to about 480–505 °C, with steam in the tubes, into a coke drum. It cracks there: gas oil and lighter parts leave as vapour and coke builds up in the drum, which fills in 12 to 24 hours.
Amathuluzi adingekayo:
I-coker elibambezelayo
Amanzi4
4
Quench and cut out
Quench and cut out
Switch the feed to the second drum. Steam out the full drum, fill it with water, wait several hours and drain it. Cut the coke out with a high-pressure water jet. This is green coke.
Amathuluzi adingekayo:
I-coker elibambezelayoAmanzi5
5
Calcine
Calcine
Calcine the green coke in a rotary kiln at about 1300 °C to drive off the remaining volatile hydrocarbons.
Amathuluzi adingekayo:
Isithando esijikelezayo6
6
Coke from a tonne of residue
Coke from a tonne of residue
Ilayisha incwadi ye-Jupyter…
Izinto
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Amathuluzi Adingekayo
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