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Plumbago Crucibles: Fire Clay, Coke and Graphite, Ure 1839
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Plumbago Crucibles: Fire Clay, Coke and Graphite, Ure 1839

Crucibles must stand sudden heating and cooling without cracking. Andrew Ure (1839) gives the best as pure fire clay with ground old crucibles, black lead (graphite) and some coke: a Berlin mix of 8 parts clay and cement, 5 of coke and 4 of graphite stood 23 meltings of 76 lb of iron each. Mix it like a pottery body, press it into crucibles, dry them slowly and fire them. The picture: used graphite crucibles.
Osezingeni eliphezulu
A week with drying

Imiyalelo

1

Grind and sift

Pound the coke and the plumbago fine and sift them; sift the grog.

Izinto zokwakha zalesi sinyathelo:

Ikhokhi ye-metallurgyIkhokhi ye-metallurgy1 kg
I-graphite yemveloI-graphite yemvelo1 kg
I-grog (ubumba obubhakiwe obugxotshiwe)I-grog (ubumba obubhakiwe obugxotshiwe)0.5 kg

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

Isigqulo NomgquloIsigqulo Nomgqulo
Isisefo Senetha EcolekileIsisefo Senetha Ecolekile
Imaski YothuliImaski Yothuli
2

Mix the body

Measure by bulk 8 parts fire clay with grog, 5 parts coke and 4 parts graphite (Ure's Berlin mix). Mix dry, then add water and knead to a stiff dough as for pottery.

Izinto zokwakha zalesi sinyathelo:

Ubumba Obumelana NomliloUbumba Obumelana Nomlilo2 kg
AmanziAmanzi1 ilitha

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

Isikali sesilinganisoIsikali sesilinganiso
IbhakedeIbhakede
3

Form the crucibles

Press the dough hard into a mould round a wooden former, or over a tapered former, keeping the walls even and not too thick; ease each crucible off and trim the rim.

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

Isando SokhuniIsando Sokhuni
Ummese wemisebenziUmmese wemisebenzi
4

Dry slowly

Dry them slowly in a warm room for several days, turning them now and then, until no moisture is left.

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

Ishelufu LokomisaIshelufu Lokomisa
5

Fire

Bake them in the kiln, raising the heat slowly. Store them dry and warm each before first use.

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

Isithando esishisa kakhuluIsithando esishisa kakhulu
6

Ure's Berlin mix

Ilayisha incwadi ye-Jupyter…

Izinto

5

Amathuluzi Adingekayo

9

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Hard Porcelain Body: Kaolin, Felspar, Flint and Chalk, the Sèvres Paste

Hard Porcelain Body: Kaolin, Felspar, Flint and Chalk, the Sèvres Paste

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