Ukwakha I-Hypocaust, Uhlelo Lokufudumeza Ngaphansi Kwaphansi — Ukufudumeza Okumaphakathi KwamaRoma

Mba indawo yaphansi ijule cishe ngo-cm 60 kuya ku-80 ngaphansi kwezinga laphansi eliqediwe elihlosiwe. Lokhu kujula kufanele kwamukele isisekelo sikakhonkolo, i-pilae yezitini (ngokuvamile ephakeme ngo-cm 40 kuya ku-60), namathayili aphansi aphakanyisiwe. Linganisa futhi uqinise umhlaba kahle. Beka isisekelo semfucumfucu egqishiwe (statumen) ejulile cishe ngo-cm 15, bese ufaka isendlalelo se-opus signinum (udaka lwekalika oluxutshwe nobumba olugayiwe) olujiyile cishe ngo-cm 10 phezu kwemfucumfucu ukuze kwakheke ingaphansi eliqinile, elingangeni manzi. Lesi sisekelo kufanele sitsheke kancane kakhulu (cishe 1 ku-100) sibheke emlonyeni we-praefurnium ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi noma yimuphi umswakama ugelezela ngaphandle kunokuba uqoqane ngaphansi kwaphansi.

Nqwabelanisa izitini ezincane eziyisikwele (bessales, cishe ngo-cm 20 isikwele) zibe yizinsika usebenzisa udaka lwekalika phakathi kwesendlalelo ngasinye. I-pila ngayinye kufanele iphakame ngo-cm 40 kuya ku-60 ngaphezu kwengaphansi, kuya ngobude bomgodi womoya obufunwayo. Hlukanisa i-pilae ngohlelo olujwayelekile ngamabanga acishe abe ngu-cm 40 kuya ku-60 ukusuka phakathi kuya phakathi — eduze ngokwanele ukuze amathayili amakhulu awelayo angaqhekeki ngaphansi kwesisindo saphansi elingaphezulu. Sebenzisa isilinganisi sokulingana nentambo ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi yonke i-pilae inobude obufanayo ncamashi, njengoba phansi okuphakanyisiwe kufanele kulingane ngokuphelele. I-pilae evamile iqukethe ama-bessales angu-8 kuya ku-12 anqwabelaniswe ngamalunga odaka amancane. Vumela udaka luqine okungenani amahora angu-48 ngaphambi kokubeka amathayili aphansi aphakanyisiwe phezulu.

Beka amathayili amakhulu e-bipedalis (cishe ngo-cm 60 isikwele, ajiyile ngo-cm 5) phezu kwe-pilae ukuze wakhe phansi okuphakanyisiwe. Ithayili ngalinye kufanele liphumule okungenani ku-pilae ezine. Hlalisa amathayili phezu kwe-pilae ngesendlalelo esincane sodaka lwekalika ukuze uvale amalunga futhi uvimbele umoya oshisayo ukuthi uvuze uye phezulu ngezikhala. Phezu kwesendlalelo samathayili, faka isendlalelo esingu-cm 5 kuya ku-8 se-opus signinum noma ukhonkolo wekalika ukuze wengeze isisindo sokugcina ukushisa futhi wakhe ubuso baphansi obubushelelezi, obuhlala isikhathi eside. Isisindo sokugcina ukushisa salesi sendlalelo sikakhonkolo sibalulekile — simunca ukushisa emoyeni oshisayo ongezansi futhi sikukhiphe kancane nangokulinganayo egumbini elingaphezulu, sivimbela izindawo ezishisa kakhulu ngqo phezu kwe-pilae.

Mise amathayili ebhokisi aqondile angenalutho (tubuli) eme mpo ezindongeni zangaphakathi, amaphetho awo angezansi avulekile exhuma nomgodi ongaphansi kwaphansi futhi amaphetho awo aphezulu ephuma odongeni eya emgudwini kashimula wangaphandle. I-tubulus ngayinye iphakeme cishe ngo-cm 30, ibanzi ngo-cm 15, futhi ijule ngo-cm 10, ivulekile phezulu naphansi. Zinqwabelanise zime mpo bese uzinamathisela ngodaka ebusweni bodonga nakwenye, zakhe imigudu emi mpo engaphazamiseki. Hlukanisa izinsika ze-tubuli ngamabanga angu-cm 30 kuya ku-50 uzungeze igumbi. Umoya oshisayo okhuphukayo udala umdonsiso wemvelo odonsa umoya omusha womlilo ungene ku-praefurnium, udlule emgodini ongaphansi kwaphansi, futhi ukhuphuke nge-tubuli, ufudumeze izindonga kanye naphansi.

Yakha isithando (praefurnium) ekugcineni okukodwa kwe-hypocaust, ngaphandle kwegumbi elifudunyezwayo. Yakha ibhokisi lomlilo lezitini elinomlomo oyi-arch obanzi cishe ngo-cm 40 kuya ku-50 nophakeme ngo-cm 30 odla ngqo emgodini ongaphansi kwaphansi. I-arch yebhokisi lomlilo kufanele yakhiwe ngezitini zomlilo noma izitini zobumba ezishiswe kahle ukuze imelane namazinga okushisa aphezulu aqhubekayo. Indawo yokufaka izinkuni kufanele ifinyeleleke ephaseji lezisebenzi ukuze izigqila noma izisebenzi zikwazi ukondla umlilo zingangeni emagumbini afudunyezwayo. Ezindlini zokugeza zamaRoma, igumbi elishisa kakhulu (caldarium) lalibekwa eduze kakhulu ne-praefurnium, igumbi elifudumele (tepidarium) kude kancane, negumbi elibandayo (frigidarium) kude kakhulu — umehluko wokushisa wawulawulwa ngokuphelele yibanga ukusuka emthonjeni womlilo nenani lezimbobo ezixhumayo zemigudu.