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The Float Switch: A Liquid Level Turned Into a Contact
George J. Papashvili, Los Angeles · Public domain (expired patent)
Volt

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Volt

27. uMandulo 2026SE
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The Float Switch: A Liquid Level Turned Into a Contact

The float valve shuts off a cistern by itself. A float switch does the same job for an electric circuit: a float rides the liquid, and at a set level it opens or closes a contact — to start a sump pump, stop a tank overfilling, or warn that something has run dry. George J. Papashvili of Los Angeles applied it to the most expensive thing to run dry. US 1,719,078, *Float Switch*, filed 25 May 1926 and granted 2 July 1929, connects a cylinder to the engine's crankcase so the oil stands at the same level in both. A float on a spring-held rod drops as the oil falls; first it lights a lamp behind a glass marked "No oil", and then, if the driver drives on, it shorts the ignition and stops the engine. This rung works out a float's lift and why most float switches do not rely on it directly, sizes a sump pump's switching band, and builds a two-level float switch.
Oqalayo
About 3 hours

Imiyalelo

1

Buoyancy, and the starts a band allows

Ilayisha incwadi ye-Jupyter…
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Read Papashvili's cut-out

Fig. 2 of US 1,719,078 shows the indicator in section: cylindrical container 8, cover 10, a rod 12 through the cover with a disc head 13, and compression spring 14 between cover and head holding the rod up. Float 16 slides on the rod above an adjustable collar 15 with a set screw. When the oil is low, "the float descends on the rod and engages the collar 15, the weight of the float compressing the spring 14" and lowering the head onto plate 20 — grounding the ignition lead to the distributor and stopping the engine. An insulating ring 31 on the head carries a conducting strip 32 that bridges contacts 28 to a lamp 26. The contacts sit higher than the ignition contact, "so that in the descent of the rod … the electric circuit through the signal lamp is established before the ignition circuit is short-circuited": warning first, shutdown second.
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Warning before shutdown

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Build a two-level sump switch

Cut the top off a 2 L bottle to make the sump. Glue a table-tennis ball to a thin dowel that slides freely in a guide bored through a plywood bridge across the top. Fix two collars (a cable tie pulled tight) on the dowel above the bridge, 60 mm apart. Mount a lever microswitch on the bridge so the upper collar lifts its lever as the ball rises, and the lower collar pulls it back down as the ball falls — the gap between the collars is the band. Because the ball's lift is small, use the lightest lever switch and a lever long enough to need little force. Wire the microswitch so it switches the coil of a 12 V relay, and let the relay drive a small submersible pump emptying the bottle into a bucket. Pour water in steadily and count the starts a minute; move the collars closer and count again. Then fit a commercial float switch in its place and compare.

Izinto zokwakha zalesi sinyathelo:

Ibhodlela le-PET (isiphuzo esinegesi)Ibhodlela le-PET (isiphuzo esinegesi)1 ucezu
Amabhola etennis yetafulaAmabhola etennis yetafula1 ucezu
Izikhonkwane zokhuni oluqinileIzikhonkwane zokhuni oluqinile1 ucezu
Ishidi le-plywoodIshidi le-plywood1 ucezu
I-microswitch (eshukunyiswa ngomkhono)I-microswitch (eshukunyiswa ngomkhono)1 ucezu
Irileyi ye-SPDTIrileyi ye-SPDT1 ucezu
Iphampu yamanzi engena emanziniIphampu yamanzi engena emanzini1 ucezu
Iswishi entantayoIswishi entantayo1 ucezu
AmanziAmanzi5 amalitha

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

Umthombo kagesi we-DCUmthombo kagesi we-DC
Ibhola ElingenantamboIbhola Elingenantambo
Iqoqo Lamakhanda EbholaIqoqo Lamakhanda Ebhola
Isibhamu sikaglu oshisayoIsibhamu sikaglu oshisayo
Iwashi Lokumisa IsikhathiIwashi Lokumisa Isikhathi
Ujeke wokukalaUjeke wokukala
5

A float switch not switching when it should

Float switch faults, from the float up.

Flow

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History and honest limits

**George J. Papashvili** of Los Angeles filed **US 1,719,078** on 25 May 1926; granted 2 July 1929. Float-operated contacts had been used before for level indication; his applied the float to protect an engine, with a warning stage before shutdown. Low-oil shutdown switches are still fitted to small engines and generators. **Honest limits.** A float switch reads the level where the float is: foam, waves and sludge fool it. Its lift is small, so it must move something light. Where a level cut-out protects against harm, a second independent switch is used.

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Amathuluzi Adingekayo

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