Ukunqoba Izinhlamvu Zerubha — Kusuka Ezithelo Ezivuthile Kuze Kube Izinhlamvu Eziqalayo

Khetha izihlahla ze-rubber zomama ezinikezele i-latex eqinile okweminyaka elingu-5 okungenani. E-Vietnam, imigqa ye-clonal evamile yi-RRIM 600, PB 235, GT 1 ne-VM 515. Amhlobo avela kuzihlahla ezikhona anomlinganiselo ophakamileyo wokumilela.

Isithelo se-rubber sinezigaba ezi-3, ingasinye iqukethe inhlanyelo elilodwa. Lapho sikhulelekile, isikhumba sesithelo sishintsha umbala ovela okluhlaza okubrown futhi siqala ukuvimbela kwelayo komugqa owehlukanisa izigaba.

Isithwalo serhabhadha esikhulelwe siputhe ngokwemvelo - umsindo omncane wokuqhuma owazwakala kahle engadini ethule. Amakhiliya ahluthwa amabangela 10-15 metha kude nesiqu sethi. Lokhu yindlela yemvelo yokusasazwa kwamakhiliya kwe-Hevea brasiliensis.

Qoqa izilizali eziwele emhlabathini ngokushesha kakhulu — uma kunokwenzeka ngaphakathi kuka-24-48 amahora ngemva kokuwela. Izilizali ezisele zivezwe emoyeni ziphulukisa umonyu futhi ziphulukise ngokushesha amandla okukhlanyela.

Izimbegu zeraba ezinhle zine-oval shape, zikona kakhulu, zine-shell eliqinile elengubungubungu elineveins ebrown eyaziwa. Susa izimbegu eziqamekile, izimbegu ezinzima ngokungajwayelekile, nezimbegu ezinodlakdlaka lwabancinane.

Geleza amanzi ahlanzekile esitsheni noma ibhakede, ubunzima bamanzi okungenani ama-15 cm uphumule izimbegu zibe ngokuphelele ngaphansi kwamanzi.

Lahla isimbegu ngasinye emanzini. Izimbegu ezinhle — ezinembriyo ephelele, ezinomsoco omude — zizoxubeka phansi. Izimbegu eziphakamisela phansi zizimbegu ezingcunuzile, izimbegu ezifile noma izimbegu ezivaliwe ngaphakathi.

Busa zonke izinhluma eziphakamisayo ebusweni bamanzi — awekho izingcimphumela. Isilinganiso sezinhluma eziphakamisayo ngokuvamile ngu-10-30% kuya ngoye-seed lot kanye nesikhathi sokuvuna.

Busa izinhlanyelo ezisuntshwe futhi uzibeke endaweni eyisicaba enobugelu obuhle. Zosula nge-ndlela ethambile ngomnqwazi osulele. Ungakhethi izintshonalanga ezilamandla kakhulu — isisfinya esiphezulu sibulala i-embryo.

Isiti ngasinye inenqwaba elincane ebizwa ngokuthi micropyle — lapho i-radicle izovela khona. Bheka ukwazi isiqondo sokubekwa kwesiti lapho uhlanyela. Isiti se-eye ngokuvamile sitholakala ekupheleni okucacile kakhulu.

Uma ungasebenzi ngolunye usuku, sabulala izimbegu esitrateni esimuncu esand emisiwe endaweni ekhithile, enesikhala sokuhamba komoya. Sika-sika 1-2 izikhathi ngosuku. Izimbegu zerubber ziphakamisela amandla okuqala ngo-50% emva kwalunye ibanga elithathu-okunene — sebenzisa njengangakushesha nangakushesha.

Izilala ze-rubber eziqoqiwe ngendlela efanele futhi ezaliswe ngaphakathi kwevikilishi elilodwa ngavamile zifikeza isilinganiso sesizalo esingu-80-90%. Ngemuva kwamaviki amabili sihla kuba ngu-40-50%. Ngemuva kwamaviki amathathu akanaso lutho olubalulekile lokulima.