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Tin Bronze Ingots, Wire and Rod
Forge

Yenziwe ngu-

Forge

11. uMfumfu 2026NO
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Tin Bronze Ingots, Wire and Rod

Bronze is copper alloyed with tin. Bronze Age smiths used about 10 % tin for castings and a softer 'mild' bronze of about 6 % tin that they hammered into sheet; modern bronze is about 88 % copper and 12 % tin. It melts at about 950 °C, depending on the mix. Melt the copper, stir in the tin, pour ingots; for wire and rod, use the 6 % alloy and draw it like copper, annealing often.
Ophakathi
A day

Imiyalelo

1

Weigh the charge

Ilayisha incwadi ye-Jupyter…
2

Melt the copper

Melt the weighed copper in a crucible in the charcoal forge with the air on, under a layer of charcoal to keep the air off the metal.

Izinto zokwakha zalesi sinyathelo:

Isigaxa SethusiIsigaxa Sethusi940 g
AmalahleAmalahle10 kg

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

Iziko lomkhandi wensimbiIziko lomkhandi wensimbi
Imbiza Yobumba Emelana NomliloImbiza Yobumba Emelana Nomlilo
IsikaliIsikali
Ipheshana LesikhumbaIpheshana Lesikhumba
Amagilavu okushiselaAmagilavu okushisela
Izibuko zokuphephaIzibuko zokuphepha
3

Add the tin

Push the weighed tin under the melt with a dry iron rod and stir it in.

Izinto zokwakha zalesi sinyathelo:

Ingqimba ye-tinIngqimba ye-tin60 g

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

Udlawu Lwesitsha SokuncibilikisaUdlawu Lwesitsha Sokuncibilikisa
4

Pour ingots

Lift the crucible with the tongs and pour into a warmed, dry ingot mould. Let it cool.

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

Udlawu Lwesitsha SokuncibilikisaUdlawu Lwesitsha Sokuncibilikisa
Isikhunta sokuthela insimbiIsikhunta sokuthela insimbi
5

Hammer and draw

Anneal a 6 % ingot at a dull red and quench, hammer it round, taper the end, and draw it through the drawplate with wax, annealing every two holes. Stop at rod or go on to wire.

Izinto zokwakha zalesi sinyathelo:

Isibabule SezinyosiIsibabule Sezinyosi10 g
AmanziAmanzi5 amalitha

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

Insimbi YokukhandelaInsimbi Yokukhandela
Isando esinekhanda eliyindilingaIsando esinekhanda eliyindilinga
Isibani Se-propaneIsibani Se-propane
Isitini somliloIsitini somlilo
Udlawu lomkhandi wensimbiUdlawu lomkhandi wensimbi
Ibhakede lokupholisaIbhakede lokupholisa
Iqoqo LamafayelaIqoqo Lamafayela
Ipuleti lokudonsa ucingo lensimbiIpuleti lokudonsa ucingo lensimbi
Udlawu lokudonsaUdlawu lokudonsa
Isibambo SebhentshiIsibambo Sebhentshi
6

Measure

Measure the rod or wire and label it with its tin percentage.

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

I-Caliper Yedijithali Yamayintshi Ayi-6I-Caliper Yedijithali Yamayintshi Ayi-6
7

Troubleshooting

Bronze troubleshooting.

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Izinto

5

Amathuluzi Adingekayo

19

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