Ukukhula Izihlahla Zerubbish Ezivela Emasidini — Kusukela Enurseriyeni Kuya Ekuhlantsheni Kwe-Large-Scale

Qubula izitolo zembewu enobude obuyi-1 umitha, ubude buncike kunani lombewu. Xubeka isanti elipure nekhasi eliphukile lokudla omsuka ngesilinganiso sezinxenye ezi-3 zesanti : inxenye elingu-1 yesivuno. Lingaselwa umhlaba kahle futhi amanzi athe abe yindlela elula — uma amanzi ebutheleza, imbewu izothonta.

Beka inhlanyelo ngokuvundluluka endaweni yomgodi, lapho iliso lenhanyelo (seed hilum) likhomba phansi. Ibanga phakathi kwezinto: 2-3 cm. Cinezela ngesisindo inhlanyelo ku-sand cishe 1-2 cm okushiwo — ungagcwali kakhulu ngoba umude udinga ukukhanya ukuze wazi indlela yakhe.

Faka isandla esiningi esingu-1-2 cm phezu kwamakhasi. Vala ibhedi ngemithala yokhonathi, imithala yephalmu noma 50-70% shade cloth ukuze ugcine umsindo nomvula nokuvimbela umsindo omkhulu ukuthi ungasikidi amakhasi. Izinga lokushisa elilungile lokukhulelwa: 25-30°C.

Sprey amanzi kancane nge-misting nozzle noma watering can 2 izikhathi/usuku — ekuseni kakhulu kanye ntambama. Gcina ibhedi enobusulelo kodwa hhayi enanzinzwa ngamanzi. Uma kuna ishowa elikhulu, ungakwazi ukusikalela ukunika amanzi. Ukuntuleka kwamanzi yisizathu esiyinhloko sokuthi izimbeu zingavutheli.

Izinhlanyelo ezinempilo ziqala ukunyezwa ngemva kwamazingilizingi angu-7 — izimpande ezikhubvumevu zivela kuqala, bese isihlahla sikhula kunze. Izinga elilungile lokunyezwa: 60-80%. Izinhlanyelo ezinganyezwanga ngemva kwamazingilizingi angu-21 kufanele zikhishwe — azisahlale zinomuntu.

Lapho isitshalo sinezinhlaka ezimbili zokuqala (cishe 10-15 cm ukuphakama), buskele kakhulu ukuze kusulule isitshalo sisuke ebedhini lokutswala. Sebenzisa intonga yomkhuni ukwenza umgodi onomphakamo we-5 cm emgqeni womboko wesaka, beka isitshalo ngaphakathi kweyo, bese uphakamisa kakhulu umkhonto obekade okomile. Nkalela ngesigamu esikhulu ngemuva kokuhlela. Hlela ngenhlobo evuthile yemva nsuku ukuphinza ukubola okusixakile.

Amabhida atshintshiwe kamuva adinga umthunzi we-60-70% kokuqala amaviki angu-2. Ngemuva kwalokho, wehlisa unentsonti kube 30%, bese ususa umthunzi ngokuphelele ngemuva kwamaviki angu-4. Izitshalo kufanele ziqale ngokuhamba kokuqonda ukukhanya okusisekile ngaphambi kokusentshwa kuvumela lokuhlanyo.

Nisela amanzi izikhathi 1 ngosuku ekuseni kakhulu. Susa izixwexi ezikhulayo esitsheni — izixwexi ziphikisana nokuthenga nokutholakala kwamanzi kusetshenziswa izithalikazi. Hlola ukuze uthole izinambuzane nezisifo: izilwane ze-rubber plant ezincane ngokuvamile zithintwa yi-scale insects kanye ne-powdery mildew. Uma ubona izilwane ezigobileyo noma uxwaxwa olumhlophe, susa izilwane eziguleyo.

Ngemuva kokuthi inhlanu yesitshalo isimame amaviki angu-6-8, faka uhlobo lwendlubu ehlotshisiwe embasini — 1 izinzwane encane/inhlanu. Ungafaki umuthi wokufuphi wekhemikali ezinhlanwini ezingaphansi kweminyanga engu-3 ngoba ingabasula izimpande. Umuthi wokufuphi owemvelo usiza ekuthuthukiseni isakhiwo semvelo futhi unikezela ngamaminiyetha abanzi awo kusuka isikhathi eside.

Izihlamvu zihlangabezana nezigodlo zokuplanta uma: ubude 40-60 cm, isalukazelo esinzima (umdiametri wempande ≥ 1 cm), kunezigaba zemileza engu-2-3 eqinile, ukuthuthuka kwempande okuhle (izimpande ezimhlophe ezibonakala kumahholo okudla esikhwameni). Susa izihlamvu ezicwebile, ezigobile, noma ezigulayo.

Izihlahla zeraba zikhetha inhlabathi ebomvu ye-basalt noma inhlabathi eluhlaza omkhubulwane ehlanganiswe nentericsand, okudlulisa umvula kahle, i-pH 4.5-6.0. E-Vietnam, isifunda seSoutheast (Binh Duong, Binh Phuoc, Tay Ninh) kanye ne-Central Highlands (Gia Lai, Dak Lak) yizindawo eziyinhloko zokukhula. Gononga inhlabathi enesitho esihle noma izindawo ezigcwele amanzi.

Susa izinambuzane nezihlobo zesihlobo kuyo yonke indawo yokutshala. Ungachubezi — vumela insalela zezitshalo ukuze ziphule ngokwemvelo zibe yikhasi elungu. Ezindaweni ezinesiqu, gcina umhlophe phakathi kwezihloko ukuze kuzivikele ekusuleni komhlaba.

Maka izindawo zamathonga ngezilandelwano: umkhehlwane we-7 mitha phakathi kwezilandelwano, 3 mitha phakathi kwemihlathi emgqeni (ubuningi ~475 imihlathi/ha). Gijima amathonga angama-60×60×60 cm ngosayizi. Xubeka umhlabathi owasulwa no-5-10 kg yompundlu owayo, buyisela enthongeni bese uvumela ukuthi iphuze okwengu-2-4 eviki ngaphambi kokutshala.

Natha amalitha angu-5-10 amanzini ngasihlahla ngu-2-3 usuku ngenyanga yokuqala uma kungenanhlanhla. Ngemuva kokuba isihlahla sisimisile (lapho iziphakamiso ezintsha zivela), nciphisa ukunatshisela kancane kancane. Izihlahla zeraba ezisele ziyahlangana nokuomama kwamanzi, kodwa izihlahla ezintsha ezinampundlu ziyazizwa kakhulu ngokuswela kwamanzi.

Phakathi kwamikholo ye-rubber (ukuhambisana kwe-7 mitha), hlanta izitshalo zokubheka umhlaba ze-legume ezifana ne-Mucuna, i-Calopogonium, noma i-Pueraria. Izitshalo zokubheka umhlaba zigcina umlando, zivimbela ukusiswa, futhi zisulele i-nitrogen ngokwemvelo emhlabeni — okunciphisa kakhulu izidingo ze-fertilizer eziminyakeni yokuqala engu-3.

Susa izamok ezingevuki emsidweni wesilonyana enezinhlangothi ezifanayo zikabanga ka-1 umitha, izikhathi ezi-3-4 ngonyaka. Faka i-fertilizer NPK 15-15-15 ngokulingana nokulinganisa okukodwa okuzwakalayo 100g ngesihlahla, ithe nje ebusweni okusempondweni amacenti angu-30 esikhhalweni, izikhathi ezi-2 ngonyaka (ekuqaleni nasemaphakadeni isikhathi semvula). Hlola indlela yokuwa kwamaLeaf yeCorynespora — eyaziwa ngokukhethekile ezsihlableni ezisemponjeni. Izisihlahla zika-Rubber evela enkosini zidinga iminyaka eyi-6-7 ukuze zafike ekulinganisweni kokugubha.