Ukukhetha Kweshvalidwe Yak nokucubungula kwayo — Indhustri Yak Hair yase-Bhutan

Iyaki (Bos grunniens) iyisilo elingawela elisagwebe eliphila ezindaweni eziphakeme (3000-5500 amitha). Iyaki inezinhlobo ezintathu zesikwele: isikwele esingaphandle esilukhuni (guard hair, ububanzi 20-120 microns), isikwele esisikhashane, nesikwele esintle esingaphakathi (ububanzi 16-20 microns). Lesisikwele esintle esingaphakathi sinomehluko omncane ne-cashmere (14-19 microns) ekubunjweni. Isikwele esintle seyaki sinobushushu obukhulu kunolwandle lwezimvu, futhi uma sisehlwa kahle ngamanzi, akuwa isikwele. Ivaki elilodwa ngonyaka, 100-500 ingxenye zesikwele ingatholakala.

I-Yak ngokwemvelo iyawela isikhafu sazo senyakatho ngesikhathi seSpring (uMatshi kuya kukhethelo). Njengoba isimo sezulu siphakamisela, isikhafu esinobunzima esingaphansi siphuma ngaphansi kwezinwele zangaphandle. Nale ndiyi nsikhathi engcono kakhulu yokuthola iwool yeyak. Uma kwenziwa ngokushesha kakhulu, i-yak izoyaleza umkhuhlane. Uma kwenziwa likhela kakhulu, izinwele ezithile ziyayaleleka ngokwemvelo. E-Bhutan, isikhathi esifanele kakhulu siphakathi kuka-April kuya kukhethelo.

Ukukhethwa kwezinwele ze-yak, isikali esinezinyo eziningi kuyadingeka. Izinyo lesikali kufanele zibe nokuphakamisa okuhambisanayo — izinyo elibukhali lizaksetha isikhumba se-yak. Uma izinyo lesikali zihlukaniswe ngo-3-5 millimeters, izinwele ezinhle zingakhethwa kahle. Ikakhulukazi, ibhegi lokuqoqa (ibhegi lokuqoqa) nayo iyadingeka. Amabhegi okuqoqa angamabala ahlukene (amhlophe, amnyama, ombowa, omvu) yadingeka ngokuhlukahlukene.

Ukunamathalela/ukunqabela i-yak kuyadingeka. Uma unamathalela i-yak ekhululekile futhi ehlala kahle ngesikhathi sokunyonyoba, kuyafanele umuntu ne-yak. Bopha intambo ungenazwi lo-yak futhi ibophele intanda yokhuni. Ungayeki intambo ibe lula — uma i-yak ibe neshwa, izinga lobisi liyancipha. Abantu ababili abadingekayo — omnye okunamathalela i-yak, omnye okunyonyoba. Abagcini be-yak (abantu abagcina imimela) banganamathalela i-yak kakhulu ngokukhuluma kuyo.

Shear ngokwesigaba sezinwele zembozi (ngokwesigaba) — uma uya ngokuphambene nesigaba, imbozi izozwa ukunyamazela. Beka iblade eduze kokungenelela kwe-embozi bese uyisinda ngaphandle. Beka i-comb enhle ngaphezulu kwezinwele ezisesizwe. Inzuzo yoboya obukhulu izovela ku-embozi. Qala kolunye uhlangothi (uhlangothi) lwe-embozi — loludonsela lunomlilo oniningi. Dlula indawo 3-5 izikhathi ngesikhathi sokushayela ukuqoqa wonke umoya.

Lapho kuqoqelwa itheradhi ngesikhathi sesizini sokuhlala, itheradhi engokwemvelo etholakala emzimbeni we-yak nayo iqoqelwa. Kukhona itheradhi engokwemvelo eniningi ezindaweni zokuhlala ze-yak (indawo yokuhlala) nasezikhundleni zokugubugela (izikhumbuzi zokugubugela). Uma lezo ziqoqelwa, kukhona umvuzo ophelele wetheradhi otholakala. Itheradhi esele ezihlungwini nasemithombo nayo iqoqelwa. Abalusi be-yak (abalusi) baqoqa itheradhi engokwemvelo ngokuqhubekayo ngokulandelela iziqondiso ezakhelwe.

Ekufakweni okukhethelwe, kukhona zombili izinwele ezinkulu (guard hair) nezinwele ezincinane (down). Inqubo yokususa ngesandla: izinwele ezinkulu (diameter 20+ microns) ziyisisekelo, zisele, zinde (5-25 centimeters). Izinwele ezincinane (16-20 microns) zibuthaka, zikhanyisile, zifushane (3-5 centimeters). Susa izinwele ezinkulu ngesandla uphakamise izinwele ezincinane. Lokhu kuthatha isikhathi, kodwa kulungiselela kahle ukwakheka kwezinwele ezincinane.

Uboya be-yak buza ngombala omkhulu, omnyama, omgay, omhlophe. Omhlophe uncinane kakhulu futhi unomvalomagalelo ophakeme kakhulu — kulula ukuyiboya, ngakho-ke izibala ziyahlukaniswa ngomuvi. Uboya obumhlophe obuhlanganisiwe bunomvalomagalelo ophansi. Uboya obuthola kuwukakhulu obubala obunye ukusuka ku-yak ngayinye. Njengoba ama-yak amnyama awuwona okuqala, uboya omnyama ubuningi kakhulu.

Hlaza izambane ezikhanyayo nganmanzi abandayo (15-25°C) noma amanzi athanekile. Ungawenzi ulisebenzise amanzi ashisayo — amanzi ashisayo abangela izambane ezikhanyayo ukuthi zibe nombala (umbala). Sebenzisa amanzi ashaneli (amanzi ashaneli, pH 7-8). Gcoba izambane nganmanzi okwamaminithi angama-20-30. Hlaza ngokucindezela kamnandi — ungawenzi uwuchakuchaku nganamandla. Hlanza kabili noma kathathu nganmanzi abandayo amusha kuze kube yonke amanzi ashaneli asuswe. Hlanza lonke izambane oyli (lanolin, lanolin).

Ngemva kokuhlanza iwool, sikizelela (hhayi ukuzingcwala — ukuzingcwala kubangela ukuthwala) amanzi angaphezulu. Isakhele elotheni elintsotshi futhi omala emthunzini. Ungabeki esunthwini okuqondile — i-elasticity yewool izolahlekelwa. Omala kangangenjana noma amabili. Iwool eomile kufanele ibe nethambeka, ephuphumayo, neomile. Uma iwool eyomile ibushiwe, ummubane uzavela.

Kunezinwele zesikhali ezisele emsulwini we-fure lowakala. Singatha izinwele zesikhali ngesandla — andulela i-fure endaweni elokukhanya okubheke lapho izinwele zesikhali zikagcwele ukubonakala. Njengoba izinwele zesikhali ziqonde, zinokusisela, futhi zinide kunezinwele ezinhle, zinganqunywa ngesandla. Ngezinjongo zokurhweba, ukusebenzisa imishini yokusingatha izinwele kunganikeza i-95% yezinwele ezinhle. Umsebenzi wesandla unganikeza i-80-90%.

Iwulu elinobulungiswa eliphakeme livela ezinweleni zengamela ezomile liguqulwa. Kusuka kwengamela eyodwa, ama-grams angu-100-500 ewulu elinobulungiswa eliphakeme atholakala (kuya ngokomnCazi, iminyaka, kanye nesimo somzimba senyamazane). Iwulu elinemibala ehlukene igoqwa ngokweqembu elihlukile. Kuqembu ngalinye, isisindo, umbala, kanye nesuku sirekodiwe. Iwulu yengamela yaseBhutan ithengiswa emakethe yomhlaba yonke ngo-$80-150 nge-kilogram. Iwulu elomhlophe inexabiso eliphakeme kakhulu.

I-woolen fabric entle, omileyo. Gcina endaweni ebandayo, enomusipho womoya. Izinga lokushisa 15-20°C. Kulungile uma umsipho womoya ungu-50-60%. Sebenzisa ibhegi le-cotton eneziphumo zomoya — uma kusetshenziswa ibhegi ye-plastic, amandla omswakama ayavinjelwa okubangela i-mildew. Ungacindezeli i-fabric — i-fabric ecindezile iba nemigqa. Faka ibhola ye-cedar ebhegini ukuze uivikele ezinambuzane (moth). Uma igcinwa kahle, i-woolen fabric igcina ikhwalithi yayo iminyaka eminingi.