I-polyvinyl formal: i-polyvinyl acetate lapho amaqembu ayo e-acetate ebigxile eshintshwe ngamaqembu e-acetal e-formaldehyde. Yi-resin eqinile futhi eqinisayo, encibilika ku-acetic acid, ku-dioxane nasekloroformu; isetshenziswa ezimbozweni zokuvikela nakwi-enamel yocingo olusongwayo.