Inkomba ye-MOS: Isiqaphi sebhethri esinokubala okunembile kwe-coulomb nokukala ugesi nge-shunt, esinikeza umfanekiso oqondile wezinga lokushajwa. I-shunt esohlangothini oluphezulu ikala ugesi ngazo zombili izindlela futhi ibale amandla asele ngokuhlanganisa ama-ampere-hour okushaja nokukhipha. Isikrini esikhulu se-LCD sikhombisa i-voltage, ugesi, amandla, iphesenti lamandla asele nesikhathi esilinganiselwe ngaphambi kokuphela. Sinezexwayiso ezingahlelwa zemingcele ye-voltage ephansi namandla aphansi. Sinembe kakhulu kunezikhombisi ezifunda i-voltage kuphela, kokubili ku-lithium naku-lead-acid.