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Trapped-Air Cylinder Dash Churn: A Hollow Dash That Squeezes Air Into the Cream
Charles Murdock, Baltimore, Maryland · Public domain (expired patent)
Emma

Criado por

Emma

6. outubro 2026SE
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Trapped-Air Cylinder Dash Churn: A Hollow Dash That Squeezes Air Into the Cream

Murdock wanted the air carried down through the cream by the common up-and-down dash itself. Charles Murdock of Baltimore, Maryland, received US 6,133, dated 20 February 1849, for "Murdock's Atmospheric Churn": a hollow cylindrical dash, perforated round its lower open end, on the common dash staff, which is bored to slide over a fixed central spindle. The spindle stands in a stationary cylindrical block, smaller than the dash, held to the churn's bottom by a nut. At each stroke the dash fills with air above the cream, carries it down, and when it meets the block the air "is compressed in the cylinder forced radially through the apertures." This rung works out the air squeezed out each stroke, then prints the dash and block, fits them to a churn, and makes butter.
Iniciante
About 2 hours, plus printing

Instruções

1

Air per stroke

A carregar o notebook Jupyter…
2

An air pump in the churn before it

The embedded blueprint puts a pump and a ring dasher in the churn. Murdock makes the dash itself the pump.
3

Read US 6,133

"The air, however, may be let into the cylinder through a valve in its top or side instead of open end which will do away with the necessity of raising the cylinder above the surface of the cream to receive air. The aperture in the staff must be a little larger than the spindle but must not extend through it nor be intersected by any lateral opening."
4

Print the dash and block

Print the dash open end up (/uploads/blueprints/trapped-air-cylinder-dash-churn-dash.stl): a 90 mm cylinder with sixteen small holes near its open edge and a socket for the staff. Print the block (/uploads/blueprints/trapped-air-cylinder-dash-churn-block.stl). Print in PETG at 0.2 mm layers, 30 % infill, 4 walls; wash before first use.

Materiais para este passo:

Filamento PETGFilamento PETG1 peça

Ferramentas necessárias:

Impressora 3D de filamento (FDM)Impressora 3D de filamento (FDM)
5

Spindle and block

Drill an 8 mm hole in the centre of a tall food-grade bucket's floor. Pass an M8 threaded rod up through it and the block, with a washer and nut under the floor and silicone round the hole, so the rod stands upright as the spindle.

Materiais para este passo:

Balde de 20 litrosBalde de 20 litros1 peça
Varão roscadoVarão roscado1 peça
Porca sextavadaPorca sextavada1 peça
Anilha planaAnilha plana1 peça
Vedante de siliconeVedante de silicone1 peça

Ferramentas necessárias:

Berbequim sem fiosBerbequim sem fios
Jogo de brocasJogo de brocas
Chave inglesa ajustávelChave inglesa ajustável
Serra de arco para metaisSerra de arco para metais
6

Staff and lid

Bore a 25 mm hardwood dowel lengthwise, 10 mm, deep enough to slide over the spindle's full height but not through its top, and glue the dash on its foot. Drill the lid for the staff and fit a knob on top.

Materiais para este passo:

Cavilhas de madeira duraCavilhas de madeira dura1 peça
Bloco de madeira duraBloco de madeira dura1 peça
Cola de madeiraCola de madeira1 peça

Ferramentas necessárias:

Berbequim sem fiosBerbequim sem fios
Jogo de brocasJogo de brocas
SerroteSerrote
LixaLixa
7

The build in 3D

FreeCAD model of this build, not of the patent: the churn and dash cut away to show the hollow dash with its holes near the open end, the bored staff over the fixed spindle, and the stationary block it closes over.
Arquivo de designBLENDCC0 - Free
Descarregar modelo
8

Dash and make butter

Let the heavy cream stand until it reaches about 15 °C, checked with the thermometer. Pour in 1.5 litres. Work the staff up and down, lifting the dash above the cream each time to fill it with air; bubbles burst from the holes at the foot of each stroke. Time until the butter comes. Pour off the buttermilk, add cold water, churn a little and pour off again until it runs clear; work in a pinch of salt and weigh the butter.
Passo 8 - Image 1

Materiais para este passo:

Natas para baterNatas para bater1500 ml
Sal marinho grossoSal marinho grosso1 peça
ÁguaÁgua1 peça

Ferramentas necessárias:

Termómetro de sonda permanenteTermómetro de sonda permanente
CronómetroCronómetro
Balança digital de cozinhaBalança digital de cozinha
Taça grande de aço inoxidávelTaça grande de aço inoxidável
9

No bubbles, a staff that sticks

Trapped-air cylinder dash churn troubleshooting.

Flow

Loading...
10

History and honest limits

**Charles Murdock** of Baltimore, Maryland, received US 6,133, dated 20 February 1849, signed 21 November 1848. The dash could be formed in the underside of the dash block, or as a cylinder fixed to the dash's periphery; in a stone churn the spindle's hole could be drilled and bushed. He claimed the combination of the hollow perforated cylinder dash and the central guide spindle and stationary block with the ordinary upright tub churn. **Honest limits.** A bucket, threaded rod and printed parts stand in for his churn, spindle and dash. FDM prints hold food in their layer lines, so wash well and replace when worn. Your times and weights are the result.

Materiais

12

Ferramentas necessárias

11

Ficheiros de design

1

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