སྒྱུ་རྩལ
མཛེས་སྡུག་དང་བདེ་ཐང
བཟོ་རིག
རིག་གནས་དང་ལོ་རྒྱུས
དགའ་སྟོན
ཁོར་ཡུག
ཟས་དང་བཏུང་རྫས
ཕྱིར་འཕྲུལ་རིག
ཚན་རིག
རྩེད་འགྲན
རིག་རྩལ
གྱོན་རུང
བིལུ་པིརིན་ཊིརིག་གནས་དང་ལོ་རྒྱུས

རིག་གནས་དང་ལོ་རྒྱུས

བིལུ་པིརིན་ཊི ༡,༦༠༧ ཡོད • ཡན་ལག་དབྱེ་རིམ ༣

བིལུ་པིརིན་ཊི (༡,༦༠༧)

Understanding Germanium from Zinc Ore Processing — The Semiconductor That Started the Electronics Age

Understanding Germanium from Zinc Ore Processing — The Semiconductor That Started the Electronics Age

Peter གྱིསSE

རྫས་རིག

༤༣
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Understanding Scandium from Thortveitite — The Rare Metal That Strengthens Aluminum
ཉེན་ཁ་ཅན།

Understanding Scandium from Thortveitite — The Rare Metal That Strengthens Aluminum

Peter གྱིསSE

རྫས་རིག

༤༤
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Understanding Chlorine from Salt Electrolysis — The Element That Purifies Water

Understanding Chlorine from Salt Electrolysis — The Element That Purifies Water

Peter གྱིསSE

རྫས་རིག

༥༢
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Understanding Fluorine from Fluorite — The Most Reactive Element on Earth
ཉེན་ཁ་ཅན།

Understanding Fluorine from Fluorite — The Most Reactive Element on Earth

Peter གྱིསSE

རྫས་རིག

༤༠
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Extracting Iodine from Seaweed Ash — The Violet Vapor That Prevents Goiter
ཉེན་ཁ་ཅན།

Extracting Iodine from Seaweed Ash — The Violet Vapor That Prevents Goiter

Peter གྱིསSE

རྫས་རིག

༥༦
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Understanding Tantalum from Columbite-Tantalite — The Conflict Metal Inside Every Phone

Understanding Tantalum from Columbite-Tantalite — The Conflict Metal Inside Every Phone

Peter གྱིསSE

རྫས་རིག

༥༢
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Extracting Gallium from Bauxite Residue — The Liquid Metal That Melts in Your Hand

Extracting Gallium from Bauxite Residue — The Liquid Metal That Melts in Your Hand

Peter གྱིསSE

རྫས་རིག

༦༣
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Recovering Selenium from Copper Refinery Anode Slime — The Photoconductor That Sees Light
ཉེན་ཁ་ཅན།

Recovering Selenium from Copper Refinery Anode Slime — The Photoconductor That Sees Light

Peter གྱིསSE

རྫས་རིག

༦༠
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Extracting Neodymium-Rich Rare Earth Oxide from Monazite — The Magnet Metal That Reshaped Technology
ཉེན་ཁ་ཅན།

Extracting Neodymium-Rich Rare Earth Oxide from Monazite — The Magnet Metal That Reshaped Technology

Peter གྱིསSE

རྫས་རིག

༣༧
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Extracting Boron Compounds from Borax — The Desert Mineral That Cleans, Fluxes, and Strengthens Glass

Extracting Boron Compounds from Borax — The Desert Mineral That Cleans, Fluxes, and Strengthens Glass

Peter གྱིསSE

རྫས་རིག

༥༧
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Extracting Lithium from Spodumene — The Lightest Metal That Powers the Future
ཉེན་ཁ་ཅན།

Extracting Lithium from Spodumene — The Lightest Metal That Powers the Future

Peter གྱིསSE

རྫས་རིག

༥༠
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Alloying Steel from Iron and Carbon — The Metal That Built the Modern World

Alloying Steel from Iron and Carbon — The Metal That Built the Modern World

Mary གྱིསFI

སྔོན་རབས

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Alloying Brass from Copper and Zinc — The Golden Metal That Is Neither Gold Nor Bronze

Alloying Brass from Copper and Zinc — The Golden Metal That Is Neither Gold Nor Bronze

Mary གྱིསFI

རག་རྫས

༥༣
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Making Black Powder from Saltpeter, Sulfur, and Charcoal — The Mixture That Changed the World
ཉེན་ཁ་ཅན།

Making Black Powder from Saltpeter, Sulfur, and Charcoal — The Mixture That Changed the World

Charlie གྱིསDE

བར་དུས

༡༥༢
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Building a Box Bellows — The Breath That Makes Metal Obey Fire

Building a Box Bellows — The Breath That Makes Metal Obey Fire

Emma གྱིསSE

འཕྲུལ་རིག

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Making Soda-Lime Glass from Raw Materials — The Recipe That Has Not Changed in 5,000 Years

Making Soda-Lime Glass from Raw Materials — The Recipe That Has Not Changed in 5,000 Years

Mary གྱིསFI

སྔོན་རབས

༡༣༤
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Understanding Oxygen Through Combustion — The Element That Makes Fire Breathe

Understanding Oxygen Through Combustion — The Element That Makes Fire Breathe

Peter གྱིསSE

རྫས་རིག

༦༠
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Generating Hydrogen Gas from Acid and Metal — The Lightest Element in the Universe

Generating Hydrogen Gas from Acid and Metal — The Lightest Element in the Universe

Peter གྱིསSE

རྫས་རིག

༨༠
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Understanding Carbon Through Charcoal Making — The Element of Life and Fire

Understanding Carbon Through Charcoal Making — The Element of Life and Fire

Peter གྱིསSE

རྫས་རིག

༡༡༢
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Recovering Magnesium Salts from Seawater — The Lightweight Metal That Burns White

Recovering Magnesium Salts from Seawater — The Lightweight Metal That Burns White

Peter གྱིསSE

རྫས་རིག

༨༩
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Growing Saltpeter from Niter Beds — The Explosive Element in Every Living Thing

Growing Saltpeter from Niter Beds — The Explosive Element in Every Living Thing

Peter གྱིསSE

རྫས་རིག

༢༧༡
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༥
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Recognizing Silicon in Nature — From Flint Nodules to Quartz Crystals

Recognizing Silicon in Nature — From Flint Nodules to Quartz Crystals

Peter གྱིསSE

རྫས་རིག

༨༠
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Burning Quicklime from Limestone — The Element That Built Civilization

Burning Quicklime from Limestone — The Element That Built Civilization

Peter གྱིསSE

རྫས་རིག

༧༧
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ཤིང་ཐལ་ལས་ པོ་ཊཱཤ་ (potash) ཕྱིར་འདོན་ནི — མེ་ག་ར་ནང་ སྦ་སྟེ་ཡོད་པའི་ ཨལ་ཀ་ལི་ཁམས

ཤིང་ཐལ་ལས་ པོ་ཊཱཤ་ (potash) ཕྱིར་འདོན་ནི — མེ་ག་ར་ནང་ སྦ་སྟེ་ཡོད་པའི་ ཨལ་ཀ་ལི་ཁམས

Peter གྱིསSE

རྫས་རིག

༢༨༦
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1607 ནང་ལས་ 24 སྟོན་དོ།