艺术
美容与健康
工艺
文化与历史
娱乐
环境
食品与饮料
逆向工程
科学
体育
技术
可穿戴设备
Glycerin from Candle-Works Sweet Water: Cap's Process
The sweet water washed out of lime soap in the stearin candle works holds the fat's glycerin, with lime and fatty traces. Cap's process, given in Muspratt's Chemistry (1860), turns it into glycerin: the lime is thrown down as sulfate with sulfuric acid, the liquor is boiled down out of contact with the air, neutralised with chalk, filtered, cleared with bone black and concentrated to a colourless syrup of about 51° Twaddell.
高级
Several days
说明
1
1
Boil down the sweet water
Boil down the sweet water
Reduce the glycerin water drawn off from the lime soap by evaporation over a fire.
此步骤所需材料：
甘油水1 as required
烟煤1 as required所需工具：
蒸发锅
砖砌炉2
2
Find how much lime it holds
Find how much lime it holds
Measure out a known volume, precipitate its lime with oxalate of ammonia, collect the precipitate, dry it, burn it and weigh it. From that, work out how much sulfuric acid will just combine with all the lime.
所需工具：
草酸铵
滤纸
耐火黏土坩埚
等臂天平3
3
Throw the lime down with sulfuric acid
Throw the lime down with sulfuric acid
Add that amount of sulfuric acid. Sulfate of lime falls. Let it settle and decant the clear liquid into another vessel.
此步骤所需材料：
硫酸1 as required所需工具：
木制大桶
化学防溅护目镜
橡胶手套4
4
Boil it out of contact with air, to 14° Twaddell
Boil it out of contact with air, to 14° Twaddell
Boil the liquid in a covered vessel, kept stirred, so the air cannot reach it. The boiling drives off volatile fatty impurities and the liquid loses colour and smell. At 14° Twaddell let it cool: more sulfate of lime falls.
此步骤所需材料：
烟煤1 as required所需工具：
木制大桶
木桨砖砌炉
比重计5
5
Neutralise any excess acid with chalk
Neutralise any excess acid with chalk
Test with litmus. If the liquid is acid, add powdered chalk or limestone a little at a time until it is neutral.
此步骤所需材料：
碳酸钙——破碎石灰石1 as required所需工具：
石蕊试纸木桨6
6
Boil on to 37.5° and filter
Boil on to 37.5° and filter
Boil again out of contact with air, stirring actively, to 37.5° Twaddell. Collect the sulfate and carbonate of lime on a filter.
此步骤所需材料：
烟煤1 as required所需工具：
木制大桶木桨砖砌炉比重计
滤网7
7
Reduce to 49°, filtering again if needed
Reduce to 49°, filtering again if needed
Evaporate the filtrate, keeping it well agitated, until on cooling it marks 49° Twaddell. If more sulfate of lime falls, filter again.
此步骤所需材料：
烟煤1 as required所需工具：
蒸发锅砖砌炉比重计滤网8
8
Clear it through bone black
Clear it through bone black
Pass it through washed animal charcoal (bone black) to take out the tinge. It comes through as a colourless solution of about 45° Twaddell.
所需工具：
骨炭黑颜料滤网9
9
Concentrate to 51° Twaddell
Concentrate to 51° Twaddell
Concentrate it carefully, driving off about a quarter of its weight of water, until the syrupy liquid reads 51.2° Twaddell. Store it closed.
此步骤所需材料：
烟煤1 as required所需工具：
蒸发锅砖砌炉比重计10
10
Cap's readings as specific gravity
Cap's readings as specific gravity
正在加载 Jupyter 笔记本…
11
11
Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting
Glycerin troubleshooting.
Flow
Loading...
12
12
History and honest limits
History and honest limits
Muspratt (1860) gives Cap's process alongside the older lead-plaster method (olive oil and litharge, the lead removed with hydrogen sulfide). He quotes Wilson that Cap's glycerin, though better than the old product, is not absolutely pure. Bone black is used here as a filter that clears the colour; it is not part of the glycerin. The Twaddell-to-specific-gravity conversion is the standard definition of the scale.
材料
4- 1 as required占位符
- 1 as required占位符
- 1 as required占位符
- 1 as required占位符
此蓝图制作
CC0 公共领域
此蓝图以 CC0 协议发布。你可以自由复制、修改、分发和使用此作品，无需征得许可。
通过购买蓝图中的产品支持创客，他们将获得 创客佣金 （由供应商设定），或创建此蓝图的新版本并将其作为连接包含在你自己的蓝图中以分享收入。