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Epoxy Resin
Pierre Castan, a Swiss chemist at the dental firm De Trey Frères, was looking for a resin for dentures. He reacted a phenol carrying two hydroxy groups with epichlorohydrin, then hardened the product with an acid anhydride, and got a hard, clear, unusually adherent solid. Ciba licensed it and sold it as Araldite; in the US Sylvan Greenlee developed epoxies independently.
**US 2,324,483**, "Process of preparing synthetic resins", Castan, granted 20. July 1943, claims condensing "a polybasic carboxylic acid anhydride" with the product of "a phenol having at least two phenolic hydroxy groups and of an epichlorhydrine". It does not single out bisphenol A, the phenol most epoxies use today.
**Epichlorohydrin is a carcinogen; you start from a two-part kit.** You glue pine lap joints at the right ratio and four wrong ones, then test hardness and break the joints.
初学者
2 hours plus 24 h cure
说明
1
1
Cut the joint pieces
Cut the joint pieces
Saw ten pine strips 100 x 25 mm. Sand one face of each end with 120 grit and dust off. Label five pairs 1:1, 1.25:1, 1:1.25, 1.5:1 and 1:1.5.
此步骤所需材料：
松木板1 个
砂纸1 张
美纹纸胶带1 卷所需工具：
手锯
钢直尺
铅笔2
2
Measure by syringe
Measure by syringe
Gloves on. For each ratio draw resin and hardener in separate syringes (1:1 = 2 ml + 2 ml; 1.25:1 = 2.5 + 2; and so on) into its own cup. This assumes a 1:1-by-volume kit - scale to your label.
此步骤所需材料：
双组分环氧胶25 毫升所需工具：
丁腈手套
注射器套装
带刻度调配杯
透明安全眼镜3
3
Mix thoroughly
Mix thoroughly
Stir each cup 2 minutes, scraping the walls and bottom. Unmixed streaks behave like a wrong ratio.
所需工具：
搅拌棒4
4
Glue and pour
Glue and pour
Spread each mix on the sanded ends of its pair, overlap them 25 mm and spring-clamp over wax paper. Pour the rest as a coin-sized puddle on wax paper beside it.
此步骤所需材料：
蜡纸1 张所需工具：
弹簧夹5
5
Cure 24 hours
Cure 24 hours
Leave everything at room temperature, 20 °C or warmer, for 24 hours. Cold slows the cure.
6
6
Pencil hardness
Pencil hardness
Sharpen pencils 6B to 6H and flatten the tips on 400 grit. Push each at 45° across a puddle, from hard down, until one no longer scratches. Record that grade.
所需工具：
石墨铅笔套装
放大目镜7
7
Break the joints
Break the joints
Clamp one strip of a joint in the vise and tap the free end sideways with the mallet until it breaks. Estimate how much of the bond face is torn wood.
所需工具：
台虎钳
橡胶锤透明安全眼镜8
8
Ratio, leftovers, results
Ratio, leftovers, results
正在加载 Jupyter 笔记本…
9
9
History & Context
History & Context
**What the patent specifies:** a resin from a two-hydroxy phenol and epichlorohydrin, hardened by a polybasic acid anhydride. **Modern build (derived):** a two-part kit, most with an amine hardener that cures at room temperature.
Epoxy became the glue that holds metal, the matrix of fibreglass and carbon-fibre parts, and the boat-builder's resin. Its limits: it yellows in sunlight, softens with heat, and uncured resin and hardener sensitise skin - which is why the gloves stay on every time.
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