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Craft Knife: Doniger's Hinged Handle and Reversible Blade
A knife for model carving and fine cutting, by Sundel Doniger of New York, founder of X-Acto (US 2,463,682, filed 1945, granted 1949). The handle is two shell-like metal halves pivoted at the rear. A thin blade with a slot in its middle drops over a small 'staple' pressed out of one half; closing the other half pushes a tongue into the staple and locks the blade solid. Swing it open to change the blade or turn it end for end: the spare end rests inside the handle.
The patent gives no sizes or metals. Mild steel sheet, the rivet, the spring steel blade and the sizes are ours. The picture: Figs. 1 and 2 of the patent.
中级
1 day
说明
1
1
Mark out the two handle halves
Mark out the two handle halves
Scribe two mirror-image halves, about 130 mm long, on mild steel sheet about 0.8 mm thick (ours). Give each a flat rear ear for the pivot and a nose at the blade end.
此步骤所需材料：
低碳钢板1 个所需工具：
划针
直尺2
2
Cut and file the halves
Cut and file the halves
Cut both halves out with tin snips and file the edges smooth.
所需工具：
铁皮剪
金属锉
台虎钳3
3
Dome the grip, keep the ends flat
Dome the grip, keep the ends flat
Hammer the middle of each half into a shallow bulge over a hollow in a hardwood block. Leave the pivot ends flat, so the pivot cannot wobble, and leave the noses flat.
所需工具：
圆头锤
硬木块4
4
Form the blade wall and its shoulders
Form the blade wall and its shoulders
On the mounting half (10), the nose is a flat wall (14) in the plane where the halves meet. Turn its top and bottom edges inward into shoulders (15, 16) just as far apart as the blade is wide.
所需工具：
平口钳圆头锤台虎钳5
5
Press out the staple
Press out the staple
Slit the middle of the wall along two short parallel lines, lengthwise. Press the strip between the slits outward to form the staple (17).
所需工具：
冷錾
中心冲圆头锤
铁砧6
6
Bend the locking channel
Bend the locking channel
Bend the nose of the locking half (11) into a springy channel: a broad rear flange (19) about the size of the wall, and a front flange (20) with a tongue (21) and a cut-out (22) each side of it to clear the staple's legs.
所需工具：
铁皮剪
什锦锉套装平口钳7
7
Drill the pivot
Drill the pivot
Clamp the halves together, punch the centre of the rear ear and drill through both.
所需工具：
中心冲
手摇钻台虎钳8
8
Rivet the pivot
Rivet the pivot
Rivet the flat ends together (Doniger used an eyelet; ours: a steel rivet). Close it firmly: the friction of the flat ends must hold the halves wherever you swing them.
此步骤所需材料：
钢铆钉1 个所需工具：
铆钉锤铁砧9
9
Anneal and cut the blade blank
Anneal and cut the blade blank
Soften a piece of spring steel strip about 0.4 mm thick (ours), as in the connected spring-steel blueprint. Cut a blank as wide as the gap between the shoulders.
此步骤所需材料：
弹簧钢带1 个所需工具：
锻炉
锻造钳
硬木灰铁皮剪
电焊手套10
10
Cut the centre slot
Cut the centre slot
Cut a slot (18) in the exact middle of the blank that fits closely over the staple. Drill its ends and file out between them.
所需工具：
中心冲手摇钻什锦锉套装台虎钳11
11
Shape both points
Shape both points
Cut each end of the blank to a slanting point, as in Fig. 1, and grind a cutting bevel at both ends.
所需工具：
铁皮剪
旋转磨石金属锉12
12
Harden and temper the blade
Harden and temper the blade
Harden the blade in oil as in the connected spring-steel blueprint. Temper it to the knife colour given in the connected heat-treatment blueprint, not to spring blue.
所需工具：
锻炉锻造钳
菜籽油电焊手套13
13
Hone both edges
Hone both edges
Hone both ends keen on the sharpening stone.
所需工具：
磨刀石14
14
Fit and lock the blade
Fit and lock the blade
Swing the halves open. Lay the blade flat on the wall, its slot over the staple and its edges between the shoulders. Swing the locking half shut: the tongue enters the staple and the channel grips the blade. No tools needed.
15
15
Reverse or change the blade
Reverse or change the blade
Swing the locking half up, lift the blade off the staple and turn it end for end, or fit a new one. The spare end sits protected inside the handle.
16
16
What the patent says, and what is ours
What the patent says, and what is ours
The patent fixes the parts and how they lock: hinged shell halves, flat riveted pivot ends that hold by friction, a wall with shoulders and a pressed-out staple, a slotted double-ended blade, a springy channel with tongue and cut-outs. It gives no sizes, no metals and no blade making. All sizes, the mild steel, the rivet and the spring steel blade are our choices. Doniger's better-known X-Acto knives hold the blade in a round collet instead.
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