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Nitrile Rubber (Buna-N)
At IG Farben in 1930 Erich Konrad and Eduard Tschunkur copolymerised butadiene with acrylonitrile. The nitrile group makes the chain polar, so oil and petrol - which are not - stay out. Sold as Buna N, nitrile rubber became the standard material for oil seals, fuel hoses and, much later, disposable gloves.
**US 1,973,000**, "Rubber like masses from butadiene hydrocarbons and polymerizable nitriles", Konrad and Tschunkur, assigned to IG Farbenindustrie, filed 20. April 1931, granted 11. September 1934. It requires the butadiene to be more than about 60 % by weight of the mix.
**You build the part nitrile made universal: an O-ring seal.** Turn two plugs with sized grooves, close a clear pipe with them, and leave it under water overnight.
中级
3 hours plus an overnight soak
说明
1
1
The plug
The plug
One turned acetal plug: a flange that stops against the pipe end, a spigot that fits the bore, and a groove carrying the O-ring.
2
2
Measure and choose
Measure and choose
Cut 150 mm of clear PVC pipe and deburr both ends. Measure the bore at three angles and average. Pick a nitrile O-ring about 3 mm thick whose inside diameter is a little under bore minus 5 mm.
此步骤所需材料：
透明 PVC 管1 个
O 形圈组合套件1 套件所需工具：
钢锯
砂纸
6 英寸数显卡尺3
3
Size the groove
Size the groove
正在加载 Jupyter 笔记本…
4
4
Turn the spigot
Turn the spigot
Chuck acetal rod. Face it. Turn 12 mm of length to the bore minus 0.1 mm, leaving a 5 mm flange at full pipe outside diameter behind it.
此步骤所需材料：
赛钢/聚甲醛棒1 个所需工具：
金属车床
车床刀具套装（HSS）6 英寸数显卡尺
透明安全眼镜5
5
Cut the groove
Cut the groove
3 mm from the spigot's end, plunge the parting tool to the root diameter from the notebook, then widen to 4.0 mm. Check the root with the caliper. Break the sharp edges.
所需工具：
车床切断刀金属车床6 英寸数显卡尺6
6
Part off, make the second
Part off, make the second
Part off behind the flange. Make a second identical plug.
此步骤所需材料：
赛钢/聚甲醛棒1 个所需工具：
车床切断刀金属车床7
7
Grease and fit
Grease and fit
Wipe a thin film of petroleum jelly on each O-ring and roll it into its groove without twisting. Put a folded dry paper towel in the pipe and press both plugs home.
此步骤所需材料：
凡士林2 克
厨房纸巾1 张8
8
Overnight under water
Overnight under water
Weigh the capsule down in a bucket of water for 12 hours. Dry it outside, open it, and check the towel. Any damp spot shows which end leaked.
所需工具：
水桶9
9
History & Context
History & Context
**What the patent specifies:** a butadiene hydrocarbon (over about 60 % by weight) polymerised with a polymerisable nitrile, by heating or in emulsion. **Modern build (derived):** commercial NBR O-rings in an acetal gland.
Wartime Germany needed a rubber that fuel could not ruin, and nitrile answered it. More nitrile in the chain means more oil resistance and less flexibility in the cold. Its limits: ozone and sunlight crack it, and it swells in brake fluid and many solvents.
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