Counter-Turning Curved Beater Churn: Two Beater Sets Turn Opposite Ways, Then Together to Gather

"When the pinion F is in gear with the wheels D, H, and the shaft B is rotated the two sets of arms (a1) (c) with their beaters attached will rotate in opposite or reverse directions the arms and beaters forming dashers which act upon the cream. The beaters (b) (d) owing to their curved form throw the cream from the center toward the sides of the body A."

Print beater set B, beater set C, the sleeve, wheel D, wheel H, pinion F and its bracket. Print in PETG at 0.2 mm layers, 30 % infill, 4 walls; wash before first use.

Lay a round food-grade container about 180 mm across on its side in a pine cradle and cut a lid opening in its top. Run a 10 mm stainless rod through it as shaft B, with beater set B fixed near the far end. Slide the sleeve over the rod through the near end wall, beater set C fixed on it, with a compression spring pressing a collar on it against the sleeve's end, and seal the wall round the sleeve with food-safe silicone.

Fix wheel H on the sleeve's outer end and wheel D, facing it, on the rod's end with a crank. Screw the bracket to the cradle so pinion F on a short 6 mm rod sits between and meshes both wheels; a turn button under the rod holds it up in gear, and swung aside lets it drop out.

Let the heavy cream stand until it reaches about 15 °C, checked with the thermometer. Pour in 1.5 litres. With the pinion in gear, crank steadily; time until the butter comes. Swing the button aside so the pinion drops out, and crank on slowly so both sets turn together to gather the butter. Pour off the buttermilk, add cold water, churn a little and pour off again until it runs clear; work in a pinch of salt and weigh the butter.

**E. P. and J. A. Cowles** of Oakfield, Genesee County, New York, US 16,717, 3 March 1857. They disclaimed two dashers turned opposite ways by gears and a pinion, naming Brown & Bigelow's patent of 1852 and Mansfield and Moore's rejected application of 1853, and claimed the shafts, collars and wheels combined with the springs. Crown wheels and a spur pinion stand in for their toothed wheels. FDM prints hold food in their layer lines, so wash well and replace when worn.