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Youblob (generated from this blueprint's notebook) · CC0
The Solenoid Valve: An Electromagnet That Opens a Pipe
A relay lets a small current switch a large one. A solenoid valve does the same for a fluid: a coil round a tube pulls a soft-iron plunger that opens or closes an orifice, so a switch, a thermostat or a timer can turn water, air, gas or oil on and off without a hand on the valve. Washing machines, irrigation timers, compressors and boilers all use them.
The Automatic Switch Company (ASCO) of New York is credited with making the first solenoid valves in 1910.
This rung works out why a solenoid's pull depends so steeply on its air gap, why that limits a direct-acting valve's orifice, and how a pilot valve gets round it — then drives a real 12 V valve from a switch and measures when it will and will not open.
Débutant
About 3 hours
Consignes
1
1
Pull against gap, and the orifice it can open
Pull against gap, and the orifice it can open
Chargement du notebook Jupyter…
2
2
The same electromagnet, switching a current
The same electromagnet, switching a current
A solenoid valve is an electromagnet pulling an armature, as in a relay. The embedded blueprint builds the relay the idea came from.
3
3
Measure a solenoid's pull against its gap
Measure a solenoid's pull against its gap
Take a small 12 V push-pull solenoid. Clamp it upright and hang its plunger from a spring scale, with a nut on the scale's hook so you can set the gap between the plunger's end and the coil's stop with feeler gauges.
At each gap switch the coil on from the power supply and read the pull. Plot pull against gap: it rises steeply as the gap closes, as the notebook's $1/g^2$ says, then levels off as the iron saturates. Watch the coil current on the supply's meter: it does not change with the gap — the current sets the ampere-turns, the gap sets the pull.
Matériaux pour cette étape :
Solénoïde1 pièce
Fils de liaison1 pièceOutils nécessaires :
Alimentation en courant continu
Dynamomètre (peson à ressort)
Jeu de cales d'épaisseur
Étau d'établi
Multimètre4
4
Drive a real valve, and find where it stops opening
Drive a real valve, and find where it stops opening
Plumb a 12 V solenoid valve between a garden hose (through a ball valve and pressure gauge) and an open outlet into a bucket, with the valve's arrow pointing downstream. Wire the coil to the power supply through a push button.
Press the button and water flows; release it and it stops. Now close the ball valve until the gauge reads almost nothing and try again: many small 12 V valves are pilot-operated and will not open at all at very low pressure — they need a pressure difference to lift their diaphragm. Note the lowest pressure at which it opens, and check the valve's plate or data sheet for its minimum operating pressure.
Matériaux pour cette étape :
12V Solenoid Valve - 19mm1 pièce
Tuyau d'arrosage1 pièce
Vanne à boisseau sphérique en laiton1 pièce
Ruban PTFE d'étanchéité pour filetage1 pièce
Bouton-poussoir1 pièce
Eau20 litresOutils nécessaires :
Alimentation en courant continu
Manomètre
Clé à molette
Seau5
5
A solenoid valve that will not behave
A solenoid valve that will not behave
Solenoid valve faults in the order to check them.
Flow
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6
History and honest limits
History and honest limits
The **Automatic Switch Company** (ASCO), founded in New York, is credited with the first solenoid valves, in 1910. Direct-acting and pilot-operated valves of every size now follow the same two patterns.
**Honest limits.** The notebook's pull formula counts only the air gap and ignores the iron's own reluctance and leakage flux; real solenoids give less. A coil held on continuously warms, and its resistance and pull fall as it does. Never use a water valve for gas or fuel: those need valves certified for them.
Matériaux
8- à partir de€1.41
- 12V Solenoid Valve - 19mm10 % de commission1 pièce€6.59
- Tuyau d'arrosage10 % de commission1 pièceEspace réservé
- Espace réservé
- Espace réservé
- à partir de€0.45
- 20 litresEspace réservé
Outils requis
8- Espace réservé
- Espace réservé
- Espace réservé
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Total estimé
Ce que le maker a acheté. Les matériaux sans prix se trouvent là où vous les achetez.
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