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Glass Hydrometer: Blown, Weighted with Shot, Calibrated in Known Liquids
A hydrometer is a glass float with a thin stem: it sinks deeper in light liquids and rides higher in dense ones, so a scale on the stem reads specific gravity. Baumé fixed his scale at two points, pure water and 15 % brine (Ure, 1839); here the scale is marked in sugar solutions of known strength, giving degrees Brix, and in liquids weighed for their specific gravity.
The picture: an old glass hydrometer with a paper scale inside its stem and a ballast bulb below.
Lanjutan
A day
Instruksi
1
1
Blow the float
Blow the float
On a tube, blow an elongated bulb, then a small second bulb below it for ballast, and draw the tube above into a thin, even stem.
Material untuk langkah ini:
Set Tabung Kaca1 buahAlat yang dibutuhkan:
Obor peniup kaca meja
Kacamata pengaman
Sarung Tangan Tahan Panas2
2
Ballast and scale paper
Ballast and scale paper
Drop small lead shot into the lower bulb until the float stands upright in water with most of the stem out. Slide a paper strip into the stem.
Material untuk langkah ini:
Batangan Timbal50 g
Kertas1 buahAlat yang dibutuhkan:
Neraca lengan3
3
Seal the top
Seal the top
Heat the top of the stem and draw it closed. Check that it floats upright and does not leak.
Alat yang dibutuhkan:
Obor peniup kaca mejaKacamata pengaman4
4
Mark the water point
Mark the water point
Float it in water at room temperature in the cylinder and mark where the surface cuts the stem: specific gravity 1.000 and 0 °Brix.
Material untuk langkah ini:
Air1 literAlat yang dibutuhkan:
Gelas ukur
Termometer
Penggores Intan5
5
Mark the other points
Mark the other points
Make sugar solutions by weight (see the notebook) and salt brines; float the hydrometer in each and mark the stem. Weigh 100 mL of each liquid to write its specific gravity beside the mark. Copy the marks onto the paper strip in ink and reseal if you opened it.
Material untuk langkah ini:
Gula pasir putih0.3 kg
Garam0.3 kgAir2 liter
Tinta Galla Besi2 mlAlat yang dibutuhkan:
Neraca lenganGelas ukur
Pena Bulu6
6
Calibration liquids
Calibration liquids
Memuat notebook Jupyter…
7
7
Limits
Limits
Ure's two-point Baumé principle and the Brix definition are sourced; the bulb form, shot ballast and weighing method are ours. Read at the temperature you calibrated at; this hydrometer has no potential-alcohol scale.
Bahan
7- 1 buahPlaceholder
- 50 gPlaceholder
- 1 buahPlaceholder
- 3 literPlaceholder
- 0.3 kgPlaceholder
- 0.3 kgPlaceholder
- 2 mlPlaceholder
Alat yang Diperlukan
8- Placeholder
- Placeholder
- Placeholder
- Placeholder
- Placeholder
- Placeholder
- Placeholder
- Placeholder
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