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Refined White Sugar from Raw Cane Sugar
Raw cane sugar is sucrose crystals with a sticky brown coating of molasses. Refining removes that coating and the colour to give white sugar. The crystals are first softened in a concentrated syrup (affination), then dissolved. The syrup is cleaned by carbonatation: milk of lime and carbon dioxide form calcium carbonate, which settles out and carries impurities with it. Colour is taken out with granular activated carbon. The syrup is then boiled down, cooled and seeded so the sugar crystallises, the liquor is spun off in a centrifuge, and the white crystals are dried in hot air. The left-over liquor becomes refiners' molasses. Refined sugar measures below 300 ICUMSA colour units; raw sugar is over 1,500.
Lanjutan
Factory process
Instruksi
1
1
Affination
Affination
Immerse the raw sugar crystals in a concentrated syrup. It softens and removes the sticky brown coating without dissolving the crystals. Separate the crystals from the syrup.
Material untuk langkah ini:
Gula tebu mentah1 as requiredAlat yang dibutuhkan:
Sentrifus gula2
2
Dissolve
Dissolve
Dissolve the washed crystals in water to make a syrup.
Material untuk langkah ini:
Air1 as required3
3
Carbonatation
Carbonatation
Add milk of lime (calcium hydroxide in water) and bubble carbon dioxide through the syrup. Ca(OH)₂ + CO₂ → CaCO₃ + H₂O. The calcium carbonate that forms takes impurities with it; filter it out.
Material untuk langkah ini:
Kalsium hidroksida (kapur padam)1 as required
Gas karbon dioksida1 as requiredAlat yang dibutuhkan:
Tangki karbonatasi
Filter tekan4
4
Decolourise
Decolourise
Pass the syrup through granular activated carbon to remove the colour.
Material untuk langkah ini:
Karbon aktif granular1 as required5
5
Boil and crystallise
Boil and crystallise
Concentrate the syrup by boiling, then cool it and seed it with sugar crystals so the sugar crystallises out.
Alat yang dibutuhkan:
Pan masak gula6
6
Spin and dry
Spin and dry
Spin the liquor off in a centrifuge and dry the white crystals in hot air. The surplus liquor is made into refiners' molasses.
Alat yang dibutuhkan:
Sentrifus gula
Pengering udara panasBahan
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Alat yang Diperlukan
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