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FEGURÐ OG VELLÍÐAN
HANDVERK
MENNING OG SAGA
SKEMMTUN
UMHVERFI
MATUR OG DRYKKUR
ÖFUGVERKFRÆÐI
VÍSINDI
ÍÞRÓTTIR
TÆKNI
KLÆÐANLEG TÆKNI
Tilting-Tub Counter-Fan Churn: Two Fans Turn Opposite Ways, the Tub Tips to Drain and Work
Lucian A. Brown and Hubbard Bigelow, Hartford, Connecticut · Public domain (expired patent)
Martin

Búin til af

Martin

6. október 2026NO
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Tilting-Tub Counter-Fan Churn: Two Fans Turn Opposite Ways, the Tub Tips to Drain and Work

Brown and Bigelow wanted one churn to make the butter and then work it, by tipping the tub on its side. Lucian A. Brown and Hubbard Bigelow of Hartford, Connecticut, received US 9,311, dated 5 October 1852, assigned to Henry K. W. Welch. Their conical tub E swings on journals between two standards. The crank turns a fan H on the shaft G; a shell with inside gear on G's lower end turns, through a small pinion u, a spur gear t on a hollow shaft round G, which carries a second fan L the opposite way. A conical tube K, of tin or any other suitable material and watertight to the tub's bottom, keeps the cream from the hollow shaft. When the butter has come, the tub is tipped about 90 degrees: the buttermilk runs out at an aperture in the cover and the turning fans knead, work and roll the butter. This rung works out the gear train, then prints the gears, inner fan and conical tube, builds the tub and frame, and makes and works butter.
Lengra kominn
About 6 hours, plus printing

Leiðbeiningar

1

The gear train

Hleð Jupyter-vinnubók…
2

Gears driving more than one beater before it

The embedded blueprint drives several beaters from one crank through gears. Brown and Bigelow use an inside gear and a pinion to turn two fans opposite ways on one axis.
3

Read US 9,311

"In this horizontal position of the tub E we continue the rotation of the crank I, as in the operation of churning, and the butter thus becomes kneaded, worked and rolled, as the beater H in its revolutions scrapes the butter from the inside of the tub, while the beater L, revolving in the opposite direction, in close proximity to and inside of the other, will strike the butter forced over the beater H by the accumulation by scraping off the butter on the side of the tub, while the buttermilk and water, extracted from the butter by this process, runs down over the now inclined bottom of the tub E, and escapes by the aperture a' of the cover Z, Z, Z, into any receptacle placed under the aperture to receive it."
4

Print the parts

Print the shell gear S with 72 inside teeth, the 12-tooth stud pinion u, the 48-tooth spur gear t printed in one with the hollow shaft x, the inner fan L and the conical tube K. Print in PETG at 0.2 mm layers, 30 % infill, 4 walls; wash before first use.

Efni fyrir þetta skref:

PETG-þráðurPETG-þráður1 stykki

Nauðsynleg verkfæri:

FDM-þrívíddarprentariFDM-þrívíddarprentari
5

Print the shell gear

The shell gear, printed as step 4 describes.
HönnunarskráSTLCC0 - Free
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6

Print the stud pinion

The stud pinion, printed as step 4 describes.
HönnunarskráSTLCC0 - Free
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7

Print the spur gear t with the hollow shaft x

The spur gear t with the hollow shaft x, printed as step 4 describes.
HönnunarskráSTLCC0 - Free
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8

Print the inner fan

The inner fan, printed as step 4 describes.
HönnunarskráSTLCC0 - Free
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9

Print the conical tube

The conical tube, printed as step 4 describes.
HönnunarskráSTLCC0 - Free
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10

Tub, tube and frame

Use a tapered food-grade container about 250 mm across the top. Drill a 20 mm hole in the centre of its bottom and seal the conical tube's flange round it inside with food-safe silicone. Bolt a short carriage bolt through each side at mid-height as the journals d, with washers and silicone, and hang the tub by them in holes near the tops of two pine standards on a pine base. Screw a pine cross bar under the bottom (his q q) with a 4 mm screw standing down from it 37.5 mm off centre as the stud V, and a pine bridge below it (his n n) with a step hole for the shaft.

Efni fyrir þetta skref:

Geymslubox í matvælaflokkiGeymslubox í matvælaflokki1 stykki
SílikonþéttiefniSílikonþéttiefni1 stykki
VagnboltiVagnbolti1 stykki
Flöt skinnaFlöt skinna1 stykki
FuruborðFuruborð1 stykki
VélskrúfurVélskrúfur1 stykki
SexkantróSexkantró1 stykki
Tréskrúfa #8 x 1"Tréskrúfa #8 x 1"1 stykki

Nauðsynleg verkfæri:

GatasagarsettGatasagarsett
HleðsluborHleðslubor
BorasettBorasett
HandsögHandsög
SkrúfjárnasettSkrúfjárnasett
SkiptilykillSkiptilykill
11

Shafts, fans and crank

Pass the hollow shaft up through the conical tube from below so the spur gear sits under the bottom, and glue the inner fan on its top just above the tube. Run a 10 mm stainless rod as the shaft G down through it, fix the shell gear on its foot with a set screw so the pinion on the stud meshes with both gears, and rest its end in the bridge's step. Bolt a pine bar F across the mouth as G's upper bearing; under it fix two hardwood blades reaching close to the tub's side as fan H, and above it a crank. A pine fork pivoted on the bridge, its handle pinned to the frame, holds the tub upright. Cut the container's lid in two, with a hole near the rim of one half as the aperture a'.

Efni fyrir þetta skref:

Kringlótt stöng úr deigu stáliKringlótt stöng úr deigu stáli1 stykki
HarðviðartapparHarðviðartappar1 stykki
FuruborðFuruborð1 stykki
Tveggja þátta epoxýTveggja þátta epoxý1 stykki
VélskrúfurVélskrúfur1 stykki
Tréskrúfa #8 x 1"Tréskrúfa #8 x 1"1 stykki

Nauðsynleg verkfæri:

JárnsögJárnsög
HleðsluborHleðslubor
BorasettBorasett
SkrúfjárnasettSkrúfjárnasett
LaufsögLaufsög
12

The build in 3D

FreeCAD model of this build, not of the patent: the conical tub cut away on its journals between the standards, the outer fan H, the conical tube K with the inner fan L on the hollow shaft above it, and under the bottom the shell gear, stud pinion and spur gear between the cross bar and bridge.
HönnunarskráBLENDCC0 - Free
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13

Churn, tip and work

Let the heavy cream stand until it reaches about 15 °C, checked with the thermometer. Pour in 2 litres, fit both cover halves and crank steadily; time until the butter comes. Set a jug under the aperture, free the fork and tip the tub about 90 degrees onto its side, aperture down; crank on so the fans knead the butter while the buttermilk runs out. Stand it up, add cold water, churn a little, tip and drain again until the water runs clear; work in a pinch of salt the same way and weigh the butter.
Skref 13 - Image 1

Efni fyrir þetta skref:

RjómiRjómi2000 ml
Gróft sjávarsaltGróft sjávarsalt1 stykki
VatnVatn1 stykki

Nauðsynleg verkfæri:

Hitamælir með nema sem situr íHitamælir með nema sem situr í
SkeiðklukkaSkeiðklukka
Stafræn eldhúsvogStafræn eldhúsvog
Stór hrærskál úr ryðfríu stáliStór hrærskál úr ryðfríu stáli
14

Gears that jam, a tub that leaks

Tilting-tub counter-fan churn troubleshooting.

Flow

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15

History and honest limits

**Lucian A. Brown and Hubbard Bigelow** of Hartford, Connecticut, assignors to Henry K. W. Welch, received US 9,311, dated 5 October 1852; they signed the specification on 12 April 1852. They wrote that a cover is needed to stop the cream spattering, though the figure does not show it, and that working the butter in the tub saves lifting and the buttermilk. The ratio of 2 to 3, they wrote, was "a fact only learned by experiments, and corroborated by their repetition." They claimed the combination of the tub E and its appendages with the frame and standards, or any other frame adapted to use the tub in a vertical and a horizontal position. **Honest limits.** A container, pine and printed parts stand in for theirs; the gear sizes are ours. FDM prints hold food in their layer lines, so wash well and replace when worn. Your times and weights are the result.

Efni

15

Nauðsynleg verkfæri

13

Hönnunarskrár

6

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