アート
美容とウェルネス
工芸
文化と歴史
エンターテインメント
環境
食品と飲料
リバースエンジニアリング
科学
スポーツ
テクノロジー
ウェアラブル
Speeds, Feeds, and What the Chip Is Telling You
Every cutting tool has a speed at which it works and a speed at which it dies, and the difference between them is often a factor of two. Run high-speed steel at carbide speeds and it will be blunt in seconds; run carbide at high-speed-steel speeds and it will chip because it never gets hot enough to cut properly.
The number that matters is not the spindle's revolutions but the SURFACE SPEED — how fast the metal passes the cutting edge. That depends on diameter, so the same tool on the same machine needs a different spindle speed for every size of work, and a part whose diameter changes needs the speed changed with it.
The arithmetic is one formula. The judgement is reading the chip, which tells you what is really happening at the edge where you cannot see.
中級者
3 hours
手順
1
1
One formula, and the reason it has a diameter in it
One formula, and the reason it has a diameter in it
Jupyter ノートブックを読み込み中…
必要な工具:
金属旋盤
計算機
ノート2
2
Feed decides the finish, not depth of cut
Feed decides the finish, not depth of cut
Jupyter ノートブックを読み込み中…
必要な工具:
金属旋盤計算機3
3
Read the chip
Read the chip
Stop and look at what is coming off. The chip is the only direct report you get from the cutting edge, and it is unambiguous once you know the vocabulary.
SHORT TIGHT CURLS, warm and silver-grey: correct. LONG STRINGY RIBBONS that wrap the work: feed too light or no chipbreaker, and dangerous — they are razor-sharp and they will grab. DARK BLUE OR STRAW chips: the cut is running hot, speed too high for the tool, and on HSS you are minutes from a blunt edge. DUST rather than chips on steel: the tool is already blunt and rubbing.
A chip that changes colour part way through a job is telling you the tool is wearing, not that the metal changed. Listen too: a steady hiss is a cut, a rhythmic chatter is the tool or work springing and needs less stick-out, a slower speed or a smaller nose radius.
このステップの材料:
軟鋼丸棒1 個必要な工具:
金属旋盤
旋盤工具セット（HSS）
保護めがねノート4
4
Cutting fluid, and when it does harm
Cutting fluid, and when it does harm
Flood steel generously with cutting oil. It cools the edge, floats the chip out of the cut and stops material welding to the tool, and it buys a large multiple of tool life on stainless in particular.
Cast iron is cut DRY. Its graphite lubricates the cut by itself, and fluid turns the fine dusty swarf into an abrasive paste that gets into the slideways and wears the machine.
The one rule that matters with carbide: apply fluid steadily or not at all. An intermittent squirt onto a hot carbide tip thermally shocks it and cracks the edge, and a cracked tip fails suddenly rather than gradually. Aluminium wants something to stop it welding to the tool — paraffin or a dedicated aluminium cut fluid works where general cutting oil is indifferent.
このステップの材料:
切削油1 個必要な工具:
金属旋盤旋盤工具セット（HSS）5
5
Write down what worked
Write down what worked
Keep a page per material: tool, diameter, spindle speed, feed, depth of cut, and one word about the chip and the finish. It takes fifteen seconds at the end of a job.
Published cutting-speed tables are a STARTING POINT computed for industrial machines with rigid setups and plenty of power. A small lathe on a bench will often chatter at the book figure and be perfectly happy at two thirds of it. What you actually want is a table for YOUR machine.
After a dozen jobs you will stop calculating for the common cases, which is the point: the formula is how you handle the unfamiliar material, and the notebook is how you stop re-deriving the familiar ones.
必要な工具:
ノート計算機関連ブループリント
これらのブループリントは知識を共有しています — 技術、材料、原理
CC0 パブリックドメイン
このブループリントはCC0で公開されています。許可を求めずに、自由にコピー、修正、配布、あらゆる目的で使用できます。
メイカーを応援するには、ブループリント経由で製品を購入してください。メイカーには メイカーコミッション がベンダーにより設定されています。または、このブループリントの新しいイテレーションを作成し、自分のブループリントにコネクションとして含めて収益を共有できます。