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Air-Chest Spiral Agitator Churn: A Disk That Draws Air Down Its Agitator Into the Cream
Hazen Webster, Ogdensburg, New York · Public domain (expired patent)
Emma

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Emma

7. Oktoba 2026SE
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Air-Chest Spiral Agitator Churn: A Disk That Draws Air Down Its Agitator Into the Cream

Webster shaped the agitator so the turning disk breathes air into the cream. Hazen Webster of Ogdensburg, St. Lawrence County, New York, received US 12,370, dated 6 February 1855, for a "Machine for Producing Butter, called 'Webster Air-Chest Agitator'": a round open disk A with openings a, b, c, turning at the bottom of a square or circular box, carrying "a spiral inclined air agitator" B whose sides run from near the centre and diverge "with a curve or circle toward the circumference," surmounted toward the rim by vertical breakers. Turning, it "opens a passage for the air down through the opening a, and so discharges from the bottom of the churn ... up through the agitator B, up through the letter b." This rung works out the speed the air passage needs, then prints the air chest (disk, agitator and breaker in one), the step and gears, builds the churn, and makes butter.
Kati
About 4 hours, plus printing

Maagizo

1

Breathing air in

Inapakia daftari la Jupyter…
2

The air disk it builds on

The embedded blueprint is S. P. Francisco's disk at the bottom of the churn with a tubular stem admitting air, which Webster names and does not claim. Webster claims the spiral agitator on such a disk.
3

Read US 12,370

"What I do claim, in combination with such rotating disk, is— That form of the agitator which occupies the central portions of the disk and sweeps toward the circumference in a spiral shape with rounded angles, and is surmounted toward the circumference with one or more vertical breakers, and this I claim whether used with or without the air passages herein described."
4

Print the parts

Print the air chest, disk down: the disk with its channel from a to the hooded mouth b, the spiral agitator with the opening c near its top, and the breaker. Print the step, the 36-tooth crown wheel, the 12-tooth pinion and the standard. Print in PETG at 0.2 mm layers, 30 % infill, 4 walls; wash before first use.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Uzi wa PETGUzi wa PETG1 kipande

Zana zinazohitajika:

Printa ya 3D ya nyuzi (FDM)Printa ya 3D ya nyuzi (FDM)
5

Print the air chest

The air chest, printed as step 4 describes.
Faili ya UsanifuSTLCC0 - Free
Pakua modeli
6

Print the step

The step, printed as step 4 describes.
Faili ya UsanifuSTLCC0 - Free
Pakua modeli
7

Print the crown wheel

The crown wheel, printed as step 4 describes.
Faili ya UsanifuSTLCC0 - Free
Pakua modeli
8

Print the pinion

The pinion, printed as step 4 describes.
Faili ya UsanifuSTLCC0 - Free
Pakua modeli
9

Print the standard

The standard, printed as step 4 describes.
Faili ya UsanifuSTLCC0 - Free
Pakua modeli
10

The churn

Use a straight-sided round food-grade container about 190 mm across inside and 230 mm deep. Stand the step in its bottom and a 10 mm square hardwood shaft in the step; slide the air chest down the shaft onto the step.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Chombo cha kuhifadhi cha daraja la chakulaChombo cha kuhifadhi cha daraja la chakula1 kipande
Vijiti vya mbao ngumuVijiti vya mbao ngumu1 kipande

Zana zinazohitajika:

Msumeno wa mkonoMsumeno wa mkono
Sandarusi (karatasi ya kusugua)Sandarusi (karatasi ya kusugua)
11

Lid, gears and crank

Cut the lid in half and fix one half with a hole for the shaft. Push the pinion onto the shaft's top, screw the standard to the lid half and run a short 10 mm rod through its bearing into the crown wheel so its teeth mesh the pinion; screw a dowel handle into the wheel's boss.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Ufito wa chuma lainiUfito wa chuma laini1 kipande
Vijiti vya mbao ngumuVijiti vya mbao ngumu1 kipande
Skrubu ya mti #8 x inchi 1Skrubu ya mti #8 x inchi 11 kipande
Skrubu za mashineSkrubu za mashine1 kipande

Zana zinazohitajika:

Msumeno wa chumaMsumeno wa chuma
Seti ya bisibisiSeti ya bisibisi
Kekee cha BetriKekee cha Betri
12

The build in 3D

FreeCAD model of this build, not of the patent: the tub cut away to show the air chest on its step, the spiral agitator rising above the cream line with the opening c near its top, the breaker, and the crown wheel and pinion on the half lid.
Faili ya UsanifuBLENDCC0 - Free
Pakua modeli
13

Churn and watch for air

Let the heavy cream stand until it reaches about 15 °C, checked with the thermometer. Pour in 2 litres, so the agitator's top stands above the cream. Crank briskly and watch for bubbles rising from the rim; time until the butter comes. Pour off the buttermilk, add cold water, churn a little and pour off again until it runs clear; work in a pinch of salt and weigh the butter.
Hatua 13 - Image 1

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Malai nzitoMalai nzito2000 ml
Chumvi ya Bahari MbichiChumvi ya Bahari Mbichi1 kipande
MajiMaji1 kipande

Zana zinazohitajika:

Kipima joto chenye kijiti kinachobaki ndaniKipima joto chenye kijiti kinachobaki ndani
Saa ya kupima mudaSaa ya kupima muda
Mizani ya dijitali ya jikoniMizani ya dijitali ya jikoni
Bakuli kubwa la kuchanganyia la chuma cha puaBakuli kubwa la kuchanganyia la chuma cha pua
14

No bubbles from the rim

Air-chest agitator troubleshooting.

Flow

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15

History and honest limits

**Hazen Webster** of Ogdensburg, St. Lawrence County, New York, received US 12,370, dated 6 February 1855; he signed on 18 January 1855. He wrote that in trials it produced "some fifteen to twenty per cent more butter" and gathered it "in from four to eight minutes"; those are his claims, not tested here. He disclaimed the rotating disk with a tubular air stem "as these have been used before with the churn of S. P. Francisco, patented June 19th 1847"; Francisco's US 6,544 is dated 19 June 1849. **Honest limits.** A container, printed parts and a crown wheel stand in for his box and drive, which he did not describe. The notebook's speeds are estimates; by hand the air may not flow (see the churns in MED-2518). FDM prints hold food in their layer lines, so wash well and replace when worn. Your times and weights are the result.

Vifaa

9

Zana Zinazohitajika

10

Faili za muundo

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Blueprint zinazohusiana

Blueprint hizi zinashiriki maarifa — mbinu, vifaa au kanuni

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