SANAA
UREMBO NA USTAWI
UJANJA
UTAMADUNI NA HISTORIA
BURUDANI
MAZINGIRA
CHAKULA NA VINYWAJI
UHANDISI WA KINYUME
SAYANSI
MICHEZO
TEKNOLOJIA
VAZI
Ball Bearings: Races, Balls and Cage
A ball bearing has four parts: an outer race, an inner race, the balls that roll between them, and a cage that keeps the balls evenly spaced. Almost all of it is steel, usually 52100 (1.5% chromium, 1% carbon), which can be made very hard and tough by heat treating; 440C stainless is used where rust is a problem. The races are turned from tubing, the balls are cold headed from thick wire, both are hardened, tempered, ground and lapped to an almost mirror finish, and the cage is stamped from thin sheet. Even an inexpensive bearing's balls may be out of round by no more than 25 millionths of an inch; precision bearings allow five millionths.
Juu
Factory process
Maagizo
1
1
Turn the races
Turn the races
Cut the basic shape of both races from steel tubing on automatic lathe-like machines, leaving every dimension slightly oversize: the steel usually warps in heat treatment.
Vifaa kwa hatua hii:
Bomba la chuma cha beringi (52100)1 as requiredZana zinazohitajika:
Lathe ya kiotomatiki2
2
Harden and temper the races
Harden and temper the races
Heat to about 843 °C (1,550 °F) for up to several hours depending on size, then quench in oil: hard but brittle. Temper at about 149 °C (300 °F) and let cool in air: hard and tough.
Zana zinazohitajika:
Tanuru endelevu ya kukaza yenye kupoza kwa mafuta
Oveni ya kupoza kiasi3
3
Grind and lap the races
Grind and lap the races
The hardened steel is too hard to cut, so grind almost every surface: the fitting surfaces round, the sides flat. Grind the ball track, then lap it for several hours with a very fine abrasive slurry to an almost mirror finish.
Zana zinazohitajika:
Mashine ya kusaga pete za beringi
Mashine ya kulainisha njia ya gololi
Mchanganyiko wa kulainisha4
4
Cold head the balls
Cold head the balls
Feed thick wire from a roll into a machine that cuts off a short piece and smashes both ends in toward the middle between two dies, without heating. The ball comes out with a ring of "flash" round its middle.
Vifaa kwa hatua hii:
Waya wa chuma cha beringi (52100)1 as requiredZana zinazohitajika:
Mashine ya kufua vichwa kwa baridi5
5
Remove the flash
Remove the flash
Run the balls many times round rough grooves between two cast-iron discs, one turning and one fixed, until the flash is gone and they are nearly round. Leave about 0.008 in (0.2 mm) for finishing.
Zana zinazohitajika:
Mashine ya kuondoa mapindo ya gololi6
6
Harden, grind and lap the balls
Harden, grind and lap the balls
Heat treat and temper the balls like the races. Grind them in the same kind of disc machine with grinding wheels to within a few ten-thousandths of an inch, then lap them 8–10 hours on cast-iron wheels with lapping compound.
Zana zinazohitajika:
Tanuru endelevu ya kukaza yenye kupoza kwa mafutaOveni ya kupoza kiasi
Mashine ya kusaga gololi
Mashine ya kulainisha gololiMchanganyiko wa kulainisha7
7
Stamp the cage
Stamp the cage
Stamp the cage halves from thin steel sheet and bend them to shape in a die. (Plastic cages are injection moulded instead.)
Vifaa kwa hatua hii:
Bati la chuma1 as requiredZana zinazohitajika:
Mkandamizo wa kugonga bati8
8
Assemble
Assemble
Put the inner race inside the outer race, pushed as far to one side as it goes, and drop the balls into the gap opposite. Centre the races and spread the balls evenly, fit the cage (steel cages riveted, plastic ones snapped in) and coat the bearing with a thin film of petroleum jelly against rust.
Vifaa kwa hatua hii:
Rivet za chuma cha pua1 as required
Vaselini1 as requiredVifaa
5- 1 as requiredKishikilia Nafasi
- 1 as requiredKishikilia Nafasi
- 1 as requiredKishikilia Nafasi
- 1 as requiredKishikilia Nafasi
- 1 as requiredKishikilia Nafasi
Zana Zinazohitajika
11- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
Mchoro huu unatengeneza
Blueprint zinazohusiana
Blueprint hizi zinashiriki maarifa — mbinu, vifaa au kanuni
CC0 Umma Wote
Mchoro huu umetolewa chini ya CC0. Uko huru kunakili, kubadilisha, kusambaza, na kutumia kazi hii kwa madhumuni yoyote, bila kuomba ruhusa.
Saidia Mtengenezaji kwa kununua bidhaa kupitia Mchoro wao ambapo wanapata Kamisheni ya Mtengenezaji iliyowekwa na Wachuuzi, au unda marudio mapya ya Mchoro huu na uiunganishe kama kiungo katika Mchoro wako kuchangia mapato.