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Barium Ferrite Disc Magnet, Sintered at 1300 °C (Went, Philips 1956)
The dark grey ceramic magnet on fridges and in loudspeakers is barium ferrite. It is made from two cheap powders: one part barium carbonate to six of iron oxide, milled, fired, milled again, pressed and sintered. No cobalt or nickel is needed. This is Example 34 of the Philips patent. This iteration sinters at 1300 °C, where his rod held 1,850 gauss with a coercive force of 1,780 oersted.
Source: J. J. Went, G. W. van Oosterhout and E. W. Gorter (Philips), US 2,762,777 (1956). They pressed rods; the claim covers "a body of a desired shape", and the disc size is ours. The patent does not say how to magnetise it; our way is stated. Picture: ferrite magnets, Omegatron, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0.
Juu
2 days
Maagizo
1
1
Weigh one part barium carbonate to six of iron oxide
Weigh one part barium carbonate to six of iron oxide
Weigh 39.5 g of barium carbonate (0.2 mol) and 191.7 g of ferric oxide, Fe2O3 (1.2 mol). Barium carbonate is poisonous if swallowed: ours, gloves and a dust respirator.
Vifaa kwa hatua hii:
Kabonati ya bariamu (witherite)39.5 g
Oksidi ya feri191.7 gZana zinazohitajika:
Mizani ya mizani-mbili
Glavu za mpira
Kinga ya Kupumua ya P1002
2
Mill with ethanol for 4 hours
Mill with ethanol for 4 hours
Grind the mixture with ethanol in an iron ball mill for 4 hours. Let the ethanol evaporate, then dry the powder in a drying oven.
Zana zinazohitajika:
Kinu cha mipira ya chuma
Etanoli ya maabara, 95 %
Tanuri la kukaushia3
3
Presinter at 1000 °C for 4 hours
Presinter at 1000 °C for 4 hours
Fire the dry powder in air at 1000 °C for 4 hours (ours: in a lidded porcelain crucible in a muffle furnace). Let it cool.
Zana zinazohitajika:
Tanuri ya muffle
Kikaango cha kuyeyushia chenye mfuniko (kaure)
Koleo la kaure ya kuyeyushia
Glavu Zinazostahimili Joto4
4
Mill again for 4 hours
Mill again for 4 hours
Grind the presintered product with ethanol in the ball mill for another 4 hours. Let the ethanol evaporate.
Zana zinazohitajika:
Kinu cha mipira ya chumaEtanoli ya maabara, 95 %Tanuri la kukaushiaKinga ya Kupumua ya P1005
5
Press discs at 1.5 tons per cm²
Press discs at 1.5 tons per cm²
Press the powder at 1.5 tons/cm². The patent pressed rods; we press discs. Ours: a die 20 mm across, so about 4.7 tonnes on the punch (our arithmetic: 1.5 × 3.14 cm²).
Zana zinazohitajika:
Mashine ya kubana ya haidroliki
Kalibu ya kubana diski6
6
Sinter 4 hours at 1300 °C
Sinter 4 hours at 1300 °C
Sinter the discs for 4 hours at 1300 °C in oxygen or in air. The patent's rod at 1300 °C: 1,850 gauss and 1,780 oersted.
Zana zinazohitajika:
Tanuri ya muffleKoleo la kaure ya kuyeyushiaGlavu Zinazostahimili Joto7
7
Magnetise the discs
Magnetise the discs
The patent gives no magnetising method. Ours: lay a disc with its faces against the poles of a strong electromagnet, switch the current on, then off. Find which face is north with a compass.
Zana zinazohitajika:
Sumaku ya umeme
DiraVifaa
2- Kishikilia Nafasi
- 191.7 gKishikilia Nafasi
Zana Zinazohitajika
14- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
Mchoro huu unatengeneza
Blueprint zinazohusiana
Blueprint hizi zinashiriki maarifa — mbinu, vifaa au kanuni
Barium Ferrite Disc Magnet: Barium Carbonate and Iron Oxide Sintered (Went, Philips 1956)
na Charlie
Viwandani
2
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Hatari
Ferrite Toroid Core: Nickel-Zinc Ferrite Sintered at 1300 °C in Oxygen (Snoek)
na Charlie
Viwandani
15
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Ferric Oxide: Hydroxide Precipitated from Ferric Chloride with Ammonia, Then Heated
na Charlie
Isiyo hai
11
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CC0 Umma Wote
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