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Craft Knife: Doniger's Hinged Handle and Reversible Blade
Sundel Doniger · Public domain (expired patent)
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26. Oktoba 2026NO
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Craft Knife: Doniger's Hinged Handle and Reversible Blade

A knife for model carving and fine cutting, by Sundel Doniger of New York, founder of X-Acto (US 2,463,682, filed 1945, granted 1949). The handle is two shell-like metal halves pivoted at the rear. A thin blade with a slot in its middle drops over a small 'staple' pressed out of one half; closing the other half pushes a tongue into the staple and locks the blade solid. Swing it open to change the blade or turn it end for end: the spare end rests inside the handle. The patent gives no sizes or metals. Mild steel sheet, the rivet, the spring steel blade and the sizes are ours. The picture: Figs. 1 and 2 of the patent.
Kati
1 day

Maagizo

1

Mark out the two handle halves

Scribe two mirror-image halves, about 130 mm long, on mild steel sheet about 0.8 mm thick (ours). Give each a flat rear ear for the pivot and a nose at the blade end.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Bati la Chuma LainiBati la Chuma Laini1 kipande

Zana zinazohitajika:

Kichora MistariKichora Mistari
RulaRula
2

Cut and file the halves

Cut both halves out with tin snips and file the edges smooth.

Zana zinazohitajika:

Mkasi wa batiMkasi wa bati
Tupa ya chumaTupa ya chuma
Kibano cha meza ya kaziKibano cha meza ya kazi
3

Dome the grip, keep the ends flat

Hammer the middle of each half into a shallow bulge over a hollow in a hardwood block. Leave the pivot ends flat, so the pivot cannot wobble, and leave the noses flat.

Zana zinazohitajika:

Nyundo yenye kichwa cha duaraNyundo yenye kichwa cha duara
Kipande cha mbao ngumuKipande cha mbao ngumu
4

Form the blade wall and its shoulders

On the mounting half (10), the nose is a flat wall (14) in the plane where the halves meet. Turn its top and bottom edges inward into shoulders (15, 16) just as far apart as the blade is wide.

Zana zinazohitajika:

Koleo la Mdomo BapaKoleo la Mdomo Bapa
Nyundo yenye kichwa cha duaraNyundo yenye kichwa cha duara
Kibano cha meza ya kaziKibano cha meza ya kazi
5

Press out the staple

Slit the middle of the wall along two short parallel lines, lengthwise. Press the strip between the slits outward to form the staple (17).

Zana zinazohitajika:

Patasi ya chuma baridiPatasi ya chuma baridi
Kigwe cha KatikatiKigwe cha Katikati
Nyundo yenye kichwa cha duaraNyundo yenye kichwa cha duara
FuaweFuawe
6

Bend the locking channel

Bend the nose of the locking half (11) into a springy channel: a broad rear flange (19) about the size of the wall, and a front flange (20) with a tongue (21) and a cut-out (22) each side of it to clear the staple's legs.

Zana zinazohitajika:

Mkasi wa batiMkasi wa bati
Seti ya tupa ndogoSeti ya tupa ndogo
Koleo la Mdomo BapaKoleo la Mdomo Bapa
7

Drill the pivot

Clamp the halves together, punch the centre of the rear ear and drill through both.

Zana zinazohitajika:

Kigwe cha KatikatiKigwe cha Katikati
Kekee cha mkonoKekee cha mkono
Kibano cha meza ya kaziKibano cha meza ya kazi
8

Rivet the pivot

Rivet the flat ends together (Doniger used an eyelet; ours: a steel rivet). Close it firmly: the friction of the flat ends must hold the halves wherever you swing them.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Rivet za chuma cha puaRivet za chuma cha pua1 kipande

Zana zinazohitajika:

Nyundo ya rivetiNyundo ya riveti
FuaweFuawe
9

Anneal and cut the blade blank

Soften a piece of spring steel strip about 0.4 mm thick (ours), as in the connected spring-steel blueprint. Cut a blank as wide as the gap between the shoulders.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Utepe wa chuma cha springiUtepe wa chuma cha springi1 kipande

Zana zinazohitajika:

Jiko la KufuaJiko la Kufua
Koleo la forjiKoleo la forji
Majivu ya Mti MgumuMajivu ya Mti Mgumu
Mkasi wa batiMkasi wa bati
Glavu za kulehemuGlavu za kulehemu
10

Cut the centre slot

Cut a slot (18) in the exact middle of the blank that fits closely over the staple. Drill its ends and file out between them.

Zana zinazohitajika:

Kigwe cha KatikatiKigwe cha Katikati
Kekee cha mkonoKekee cha mkono
Seti ya tupa ndogoSeti ya tupa ndogo
Kibano cha meza ya kaziKibano cha meza ya kazi
11

Shape both points

Cut each end of the blank to a slanting point, as in Fig. 1, and grind a cutting bevel at both ends.

Zana zinazohitajika:

Mkasi wa batiMkasi wa bati
Jiwe la kunoa la gurudumuJiwe la kunoa la gurudumu
Tupa ya chumaTupa ya chuma
12

Harden and temper the blade

Harden the blade in oil as in the connected spring-steel blueprint. Temper it to the knife colour given in the connected heat-treatment blueprint, not to spring blue.

Zana zinazohitajika:

Jiko la KufuaJiko la Kufua
Koleo la forjiKoleo la forji
Mafuta ya kanolaMafuta ya kanola
Glavu za kulehemuGlavu za kulehemu
13

Hone both edges

Hone both ends keen on the sharpening stone.

Zana zinazohitajika:

Jiwe la KunoleaJiwe la Kunolea
14

Fit and lock the blade

Swing the halves open. Lay the blade flat on the wall, its slot over the staple and its edges between the shoulders. Swing the locking half shut: the tongue enters the staple and the channel grips the blade. No tools needed.
15

Reverse or change the blade

Swing the locking half up, lift the blade off the staple and turn it end for end, or fit a new one. The spare end sits protected inside the handle.
16

What the patent says, and what is ours

The patent fixes the parts and how they lock: hinged shell halves, flat riveted pivot ends that hold by friction, a wall with shoulders and a pressed-out staple, a slotted double-ended blade, a springy channel with tongue and cut-outs. It gives no sizes, no metals and no blade making. All sizes, the mild steel, the rivet and the spring steel blade are our choices. Doniger's better-known X-Acto knives hold the blade in a round collet instead.

Vifaa

3

Zana Zinazohitajika

21

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