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VAZI
Glass Hydrometer: Blown, Weighted with Shot, Calibrated in Known Liquids
A hydrometer is a glass float with a thin stem: it sinks deeper in light liquids and rides higher in dense ones, so a scale on the stem reads specific gravity. Baumé fixed his scale at two points, pure water and 15 % brine (Ure, 1839); here the scale is marked in sugar solutions of known strength, giving degrees Brix, and in liquids weighed for their specific gravity.
The picture: an old glass hydrometer with a paper scale inside its stem and a ballast bulb below.
Juu
A day
Maagizo
1
1
Blow the float
Blow the float
On a tube, blow an elongated bulb, then a small second bulb below it for ballast, and draw the tube above into a thin, even stem.
Vifaa kwa hatua hii:
Seti ya Mirija ya Kioo1 kipandeZana zinazohitajika:
Kichomeo cha mezani cha kupuliza kioo
Miwani ya usalama
Glavu Zinazostahimili Joto2
2
Ballast and scale paper
Ballast and scale paper
Drop small lead shot into the lower bulb until the float stands upright in water with most of the stem out. Slide a paper strip into the stem.
Vifaa kwa hatua hii:
Mche wa Risasi50 g
Karatasi1 kipandeZana zinazohitajika:
Mizani ya mizani-mbili3
3
Seal the top
Seal the top
Heat the top of the stem and draw it closed. Check that it floats upright and does not leak.
Zana zinazohitajika:
Kichomeo cha mezani cha kupuliza kiooMiwani ya usalama4
4
Mark the water point
Mark the water point
Float it in water at room temperature in the cylinder and mark where the surface cuts the stem: specific gravity 1.000 and 0 °Brix.
Vifaa kwa hatua hii:
Maji1 litaZana zinazohitajika:
Silinda yenye vipimo
Kipimajoto
Kalamu ya Kuchora ya Almasi5
5
Mark the other points
Mark the other points
Make sugar solutions by weight (see the notebook) and salt brines; float the hydrometer in each and mark the stem. Weigh 100 mL of each liquid to write its specific gravity beside the mark. Copy the marks onto the paper strip in ink and reseal if you opened it.
Vifaa kwa hatua hii:
Sukari nyeupe0.3 kg
Chumvi0.3 kgMaji2 lita
Wino wa Chuma na Vivimbe vya Mwaloni2 mlZana zinazohitajika:
Mizani ya mizani-mbiliSilinda yenye vipimo
Kalamu ya Unyoya6
6
Calibration liquids
Calibration liquids
Inapakia daftari la Jupyter…
7
7
Limits
Limits
Ure's two-point Baumé principle and the Brix definition are sourced; the bulb form, shot ballast and weighing method are ours. Read at the temperature you calibrated at; this hydrometer has no potential-alcohol scale.
Vifaa
7- 1 kipandeKishikilia Nafasi
- 50 gKishikilia Nafasi
- 1 kipandeKishikilia Nafasi
- 3 litaKishikilia Nafasi
- 0.3 kgKishikilia Nafasi
- 0.3 kgKishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
Zana Zinazohitajika
8- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
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