Floating-Breaker Churn: A Propeller Dasher Under a Breaker That Floats in Wall Grooves, a Water Tube Held by the Faucet

"They fit loosely in the grooves, so as to allow the breaker to float, upon the milk or cream, and hence always retain the same relation to the milk or cream, whether there be a large or small quantity in the churn."

Screw three pairs of hardwood strips 20 x 22 mm, 335 long, upright inside the bucket a third of a turn apart, 24 mm apart in each pair, as the grooves i. Screw two triangular hardwood breaks K, 30 mm deep and 150 tall, to the side near the floor between them, and seal every screw hole outside with silicone. Bore the bucket 22 mm, 30 mm above the floor and opposite the third groove, for the spigot. Set the tank against the side there, pass the spigot through the side and screw it into its nut, set in the tank's collar, so it holds the tank and opens into the churn.

Cut a hardwood ring 100 mm across with a 60 mm hole and 50 deep. Cut three hardwood arms 20 mm thick and 50 deep, bevelled so the lower edge is 4 mm thick, the bevel facing the opposite way to the propeller's blades, long enough to reach loosely into the grooves; glue and screw them into the ring a third of a turn apart.

Screw a hardwood step 50 x 50 x 6 mm to the floor's centre, bored 17 mm, 5 deep. Cut a 16 mm stainless shaft 465 mm long and turn or file its top 77 mm down to 12 mm; fit the propeller 8 mm above the floor. Cut a cover P of HDPE sheet to lie on the rim, bored 20 mm in the centre. Cut a hardwood cross piece N 350 x 205 x 25 mm with two hardwood fingers O 30 x 30 x 20 mm under it to rest on the cover, bored 13 mm for the shaft; fit the pinion above it, two chairs with a 12 mm crank shaft and the crown wheel, and a hardwood crank D with a dowel handle.

Pour about 6 litres of heavy cream into the bucket and set the breaker in its grooves; it floats on the cream. Pour warm or cold water from the kettle or tap into the tube L to bring the cream to about 15 °C, checked with the thermometer. Put on the cover, cross piece and gearing, and turn the crank steadily, timing it. When the butter comes, draw the buttermilk off at the faucet into a bowl, lift out the gearing, cover, breaker and butter, wash the butter in cold water until it runs clear, salt and weigh it.

**Edward Lynch** of Buffalo, New York, US 27,864, 10 April 1860, "Churn", assigned to himself and Jas. J. McCool. He claimed the floating breaker with its ring, bevelled arms and grooves, and the tube held by the faucet. His tube is metal; ours is printed, and our faucet draws the milk through a collar under the tube's foot, our reading of his double-duty faucet. Every size here is ours.