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Silicone (Rochow Direct Process)
Clay

Imeundwa na

Clay

22. Septemba 2026DK
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Silicone (Rochow Direct Process)

Silicones - chains of silicon and oxygen carrying methyl groups - were known from Frederic Kipping's laboratory work, but could only be made a few grams at a time. In 1940 Eugene Rochow at General Electric found a one-step route: pass methyl chloride over hot silicon with copper, and methylchlorosilanes come straight off. Richard Müller found the same reaction independently in Germany, which is why it is also called the Müller-Rochow process. It is how silicones are still made. **US 2,380,995**, "Preparation of organosilicon halides", Rochow, assigned to General Electric, granted 7. August 1945, claims "effecting reaction between silicon and a hydrocarbon halide" with a copper catalyst at 200–500 °C. **Methyl chloride and chlorosilanes are toxic and stay in the plant.** You use the product: a two-part silicone mould of glass marbles, then cast hot wax in it, again and again.
Mwanzo
4 hours plus two cures

Maagizo

1

Build the box

Cut foam board and hot-glue an open box 60 x 40 mm inside, 50 mm tall. Seal every inside seam with a bead of glue - silicone finds any gap.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Mabamba ya Povu ya Kutengeneza VigezoMabamba ya Povu ya Kutengeneza Vigezo1 karatasi

Zana zinazohitajika:

Kisu cha kazi za mikonoKisu cha kazi za mikono
Bastola ya gundi ya motoBastola ya gundi ya moto
Rula ya chumaRula ya chuma
2

Clay bed and keys

Press sulphur-free modelling clay 20 mm deep into the box. Push two 16 mm marbles exactly halfway in, 20 mm apart. Press four dimples in the clay with a pencil end: these are the registration keys.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Udongo wa kufinyangaUdongo wa kufinyanga150 g
Marumaru za kiooMarumaru za kioo2 vipande

Zana zinazohitajika:

Kipima-unene cha dijitali cha inchi 6Kipima-unene cha dijitali cha inchi 6
3

Weigh and mix

Weigh part A and part B at the kit's stated ratio into a mixing cup (the notebook gives the mass). Stir 3 minutes, scraping sides and bottom.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Seti ya kutengeneza vimoldi vya silikoniSeti ya kutengeneza vimoldi vya silikoni1 kifaa

Zana zinazohitajika:

Mizani ya dijitali ya usahihiMizani ya dijitali ya usahihi
Vikombe vya kuchanganya vilivyodarajwaVikombe vya kuchanganya vilivyodarajwa
Fimbo ya KukorogaFimbo ya Kukoroga
4

First pour

Pour in a thin stream from 30 cm into one corner, never onto the marbles, until 6 mm above them. Cure for the kit's time.

Zana zinazohitajika:

Vikombe vya kuchanganya vilivyodarajwaVikombe vya kuchanganya vilivyodarajwa
5

Flip and release

Flip the box, peel away all clay and leave the marbles in the silicone. Brush a thin coat of petroleum jelly over the silicone face - silicone bonds to silicone.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

VaseliniVaselini5 g
6

Second pour

Mix a second batch the same way and pour 6 mm above the marbles. Cure again.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Seti ya kutengeneza vimoldi vya silikoniSeti ya kutengeneza vimoldi vya silikoni1 kifaa

Zana zinazohitajika:

Mizani ya dijitali ya usahihiMizani ya dijitali ya usahihi
Vikombe vya kuchanganya vilivyodarajwaVikombe vya kuchanganya vilivyodarajwa
7

Open and cut sprues

Tear off the foam board, part the halves and pop out the marbles. With the craft knife cut a 5 mm cone from the top face into each cavity.

Zana zinazohitajika:

Kisu cha kazi za mikonoKisu cha kazi za mikono
8

Cast wax

Melt paraffin wax in the double boiler to 75 °C. Band the halves shut, pour through each sprue, cool 30 minutes, open. Count how many casts it survives.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Nta ya parafiniNta ya parafini100 g
Mipira ya kufungaMipira ya kufunga1 paketi

Zana zinazohitajika:

Sufuria ya kupikia kwa mvuke wa majiSufuria ya kupikia kwa mvuke wa maji
Kipimajoto cha peremendeKipimajoto cha peremende
Glavu za kulehemuGlavu za kulehemu
Miwani ya usalama iliyo waziMiwani ya usalama iliyo wazi
9

Troubleshoot the mould

Work down in order; each question points to one step to redo.

Flow

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10

Reaction, pour size, siblings

Inapakia daftari la Jupyter…
11

History & Context

**What the patent specifies:** silicon reacted with a hydrocarbon halide over copper at 200–500 °C to give organosilicon halides. **Modern build (derived):** a two-part room-temperature-curing mould silicone. Silicone first served in the Second World War as grease and insulation for aircraft ignition systems; today it is sealant, bakeware, medical tubing and every maker's mould rubber. Its limits: it tears easily once nicked, is expensive, and a platinum-cure grade will not set against sulphur, some clays and latex gloves.

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CC0 Umma Wote

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