예술
뷰티 및 웰니스
공예
문화 및 역사
엔터테인먼트
환경
음식 및 음료
역공학
과학
스포츠
기술
웨어러블
Phthalic Anhydride by Air Oxidation of Naphthalene: Gibbs and Conover, 1918
Harry D. Gibbs and Courtney Conover patented this in 1918, US 1,285,117 (filed 1917), and dedicated it to the public. Phthalic anhydride had been made by oxidising naphthalene with sulphuric acid in the presence of mercury sulphate; they used air instead. Naphthalene vapour mixed with plenty of air is passed over finely divided oxides of vanadium at 350–550 °C, and the phthalic anhydride formed is condensed and separated by fractional sublimation.
고급
Works process
안내
1
1
Melt and vaporise the naphthalene
Melt and vaporise the naphthalene
Melt the naphthalene and let it flow continuously, at a measured rate, into a heated chamber where it is volatilised.
이 단계의 재료:
나프탈렌1 as required필요한 도구:
주철 도가니
기화실
온도계2
2
Mix the vapour with air
Mix the vapour with air
Mix the naphthalene vapour with air in excess of the amount needed to oxidise it to phthalic anhydride, preferably at least four times the amount theoretically required.
필요한 도구:
송풍기기화실3
3
Pass it over vanadium oxide at 350–550 °C
Pass it over vanadium oxide at 350–550 °C
Pass the mixture into a reaction chamber kept at 350–550 °C, preferably 500 °C. There it is forced into close contact with oxides of vanadium in the form of a fine powder, supported on trays, with baffle plates forcing the gas current through it. Keep the gases under pressure only sufficient to make them flow continuously through the chamber. The naphthalene is oxidised to phthalic anhydride, with carbon dioxide and water.
필요한 도구:
트레이식 촉매실
산화 바나듐
고온계송풍기4
4
Condense the products
Condense the products
Condense the products of the reaction, phthalic anhydride with small portions of other oxidation products of naphthalene, together with the unchanged naphthalene.
필요한 도구:
응축실5
5
Separate by fractional sublimation
Separate by fractional sublimation
Separate the phthalic anhydride from the other oxidation products and the unchanged naphthalene by fractional sublimation.
필요한 도구:
승화 장치온도계6
6
How much air
How much air
Jupyter 노트북 불러오는 중…
이 블루프린트로 만드는 것
관련 블루프린트
이 블루프린트들은 지식을 공유합니다 — 기술, 재료 또는 원리
CC0 퍼블릭 도메인
이 블루프린트는 CC0로 공개되었습니다. 어떤 목적으로든 자유롭게 복사, 수정, 배포 및 사용할 수 있습니다.
제품 구매를 통해 메이커를 지원하세요. 판매자가 설정한 메이커 커미션 을 받거나, 이 블루프린트의 새로운 반복을 만들어 연결로 포함시킬 수 있습니다.