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Reverberatory Furnace: the Air Furnace for Melting Cast Iron (Bolland, 1893)

Simpson Bolland · Public domain (published 1893)

작성자

Forge

4. 11월 2026

Reverberatory Furnace: the Air Furnace for Melting Cast Iron (Bolland, 1893)

An air furnace melts iron apart from the fuel: coal burns on a grate at one end, and the flame is thrown down from a low arched roof onto the iron on the bed, then leaves by a tall chimney. The iron stays cleaner than in a cupola, so founders used it for guns, rolls, heavy scrap and lumps too big for the cupola. This furnace is 30 ft 6 in long and 7 ft wide outside, 5 ft wide inside, cased in bolted wrought-iron plates. Source: S. Bolland, The Iron Founder Supplement (1893), pp. 55-67. Unknown: brick sizes, plate thickness. Picture: Fig. 14 of the book.

전문가

Unknown

안내

Lay the foundation

Build the foundation solid of common material up to the firebrick, shaped so the firebrick bed slopes down from the chimney end to the reservoir. Keep the bricks from B to C 6 in below the finished bottom, to leave room for the sand bed.

이 단계의 재료:

벽돌1 foundation

필요한 도구:

흙손

알 수 없는 치수

Build the fireplace, bridge and roof

Build the fireplace the full width of the furnace (5 ft inside, grate 5 ft long). Set the bridge wall at least 2 ft 3 in from the face of the grate bars. Build bridge, sides, roof and fireplace of the most refractory firebrick. Arch the roof the whole length, low, so it throws the flame down onto the bed; fill above the arches with common material. Leave the side charging hole (5 x 4 ft), the top hole (furnace width x 6 ft), the puddling hole over the reservoir, a sight hole and the tap hole.

이 단계의 재료:

내화 점토 벽돌1 lining, bridge, roof

내화 점토 모르타르1 setting

벽돌1 filling above the arch

알 수 없는 금속1 grate bars

필요한 도구:

흙손

Case it in plates and bolt it

Case the whole structure in wrought-iron plates, held at the corners with angle-irons. Run eight chief anchor bolts from side to side, clear of all working parts. Join everything with bolts, not rivets, so any plate can come off for repairs. Line the charging doors with firebrick.

이 단계의 재료:

철판1 casing, doors

연철 환봉8 anchor bolts

알 수 없는 금속1 angle-irons, door frames

내화 점토 벽돌1 door linings

필요한 도구:

알 수 없는 치수

Build the chimney

Build the chimney square, 30 to 40 ft high, with an inside course of firebrick (Fig. 14: 2 ft 6 in square inside). Make its area a little larger than the fireplace. Put a damper on top that can be worked from the bottom: it alone sets the draught. It can stand apart on a sole plate on four columns.

이 단계의 재료:

내화 점토 벽돌1 inside course

벽돌1 chimney

알 수 없는 금속1 damper

필요한 도구:

흙손

Make the sand bottom

Make the bottom from B round the reservoir to C with 8 parts fire-sand to 1 of clay and 1 of ground coke. Fire it well for one to two hours before the first charge; it should last ten heats. Fill the tap hole with fire-sand and a little coal dust, which will not cake when hot.

이 단계의 재료:

모래8 parts

점토1 part

야금용 코크스1 part, ground

필요한 도구:

역청탄

Charge and melt

Fire with soft, non-caking bituminous coal and keep a full grate; clinker quickly and leave no holes for cold air. Charge all the iron at the start: first layer of pigs lengthwise and a little apart, next layers across, open so the flame passes. Set heavy pieces on firebricks so the flame plays all round them. Through the puddling hole, dip test pieces and skim the iron clean. To blend two grades, thrust green saplings into the melt. Close the damper before tapping. Look the furnace over after every heat.

필요한 도구:

역청탄