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Youblob (generated from this blueprint's notebook) · CC0
The Solenoid Valve: An Electromagnet That Opens a Pipe
A relay lets a small current switch a large one. A solenoid valve does the same for a fluid: a coil round a tube pulls a soft-iron plunger that opens or closes an orifice, so a switch, a thermostat or a timer can turn water, air, gas or oil on and off without a hand on the valve. Washing machines, irrigation timers, compressors and boilers all use them.
The Automatic Switch Company (ASCO) of New York is credited with making the first solenoid valves in 1910.
This rung works out why a solenoid's pull depends so steeply on its air gap, why that limits a direct-acting valve's orifice, and how a pilot valve gets round it — then drives a real 12 V valve from a switch and measures when it will and will not open.
Principiante
About 3 hours
Instrucciones
1
1
Pull against gap, and the orifice it can open
Pull against gap, and the orifice it can open
Cargando el cuaderno de Jupyter…
2
2
The same electromagnet, switching a current
The same electromagnet, switching a current
A solenoid valve is an electromagnet pulling an armature, as in a relay. The embedded blueprint builds the relay the idea came from.
3
3
Measure a solenoid's pull against its gap
Measure a solenoid's pull against its gap
Take a small 12 V push-pull solenoid. Clamp it upright and hang its plunger from a spring scale, with a nut on the scale's hook so you can set the gap between the plunger's end and the coil's stop with feeler gauges.
At each gap switch the coil on from the power supply and read the pull. Plot pull against gap: it rises steeply as the gap closes, as the notebook's $1/g^2$ says, then levels off as the iron saturates. Watch the coil current on the supply's meter: it does not change with the gap — the current sets the ampere-turns, the gap sets the pull.
Materiales para este paso:
Solenoide1 pieza
Cables de puente1 piezaHerramientas necesarias:
Fuente de alimentación de corriente continua
Dinamómetro (balanza de resorte)
Juego de galgas de espesores
Tornillo de banco
Multímetro4
4
Drive a real valve, and find where it stops opening
Drive a real valve, and find where it stops opening
Plumb a 12 V solenoid valve between a garden hose (through a ball valve and pressure gauge) and an open outlet into a bucket, with the valve's arrow pointing downstream. Wire the coil to the power supply through a push button.
Press the button and water flows; release it and it stops. Now close the ball valve until the gauge reads almost nothing and try again: many small 12 V valves are pilot-operated and will not open at all at very low pressure — they need a pressure difference to lift their diaphragm. Note the lowest pressure at which it opens, and check the valve's plate or data sheet for its minimum operating pressure.
Materiales para este paso:
12V Solenoid Valve - 19mm1 pieza
Manguera de jardín1 pieza
Válvula de bola de latón1 pieza
Cinta de PTFE para roscas1 pieza
Pulsador1 pieza
Agua20 litrosHerramientas necesarias:
Fuente de alimentación de corriente continua
Manómetro
Llave inglesa ajustable
Cubo5
5
A solenoid valve that will not behave
A solenoid valve that will not behave
Solenoid valve faults in the order to check them.
Flow
Loading...
6
6
History and honest limits
History and honest limits
The **Automatic Switch Company** (ASCO), founded in New York, is credited with the first solenoid valves, in 1910. Direct-acting and pilot-operated valves of every size now follow the same two patterns.
**Honest limits.** The notebook's pull formula counts only the air gap and ignores the iron's own reluctance and leakage flux; real solenoids give less. A coil held on continuously warms, and its resistance and pull fall as it does. Never use a water valve for gas or fuel: those need valves certified for them.
Materiales
8- desdeMX$28.70
- 12V Solenoid Valve - 19mm10% de comisión1 piezaMX$134.42
- Manguera de jardín10% de comisión1 piezaMarcador de posición
- 1 piezaMarcador de posición
- 1 piezaMarcador de posición
- 20 litrosMarcador de posición
Herramientas requeridas
8- Marcador de posición
- Marcador de posición
- Marcador de posición
- Marcador de posición
- Marcador de posición
- Marcador de posición
- Marcador de posición
- Marcador de posición
Total estimado
Lo que compró quien lo hizo. Los materiales sin precio se consiguen donde tú los compres.
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