Kerjasama
SENI
KECANTIKAN & KESEJAHTERAAN
KRAFTANGAN
BUDAYA & SEJARAH
HIBURAN
ALAM SEKITAR
MAKANAN & MINUMAN
KEJURUTERAAN TERBALIK
SAINS
SUKAN
TEKNOLOGI
BOLEH PAKAI
Steam Still: a Horizontal Still with Steam Coils and Scrubbing Tower (Bell, 1923)
A refinery still heated only by steam: a horizontal riveted shell with closed steam coils and open steam sprays in the bottom, and a tower of broken stone or tile on top where rising vapour meets the incoming feed. Used to re-run naphtha and kerosene and to strip naphtha from lubricating stocks without a fire.
Variable: batch, semi-continuous, or continuous with four baffled compartments. Bell's Fig. 39 still is 10 x 30 ft.
Source: H. S. Bell, American Petroleum Refining (1923), pp. 105-109. Unknown: plate thickness. Picture: Fig. 39 of the book.
Pakar
Unknown
Arahan
1
1
Build the shell
Build the shell
Rivet a horizontal cylindrical shell (Fig. 39: 10 x 30 ft) with the plate seams running straight round it (Fig. 36), cheaper than a fire still's layout; hemispherical heads are an expense with no clear reason. Fit a manhole, a drain, flanges for oil and steam and a nozzle for the tower.
Bahan untuk langkah ini:
Plat keluli lembut1 shell, heads
Besi sudut keluli lembut1 keping
Rivet keluli1 kepingAlatan diperlukan:
Mesin penekan tebuk
Tukul rivet
Dimensi tidak diketahui2
2
Fit coils, sprays and baffles
Fit coils, sprays and baffles
Lay closed steam coils in the bottom with open steam sprays beside them. For continuous running, divide the shell into four compartments with cross baffles, leaving small openings at the bottom so condensed water drains to the water pot at the rear. Give the coils 62.5 sq ft of heating surface per 100 gallons taken overhead per hour: 33 % in the first compartment, 28 % in the second, 22 % in the third, 17 % in the rear. A semi-continuous still needs no baffles.
Bahan untuk langkah ini:
Gegelung Stim1 62.5 sq ft per 100 gal/h
Paip keluli (berdinding tebal, hujung berulir)1 open sprays, header
Injap wap2 kepingPlat keluli lembut1 bafflesAlatan diperlukan:
Tukul rivet3
3
Add the scrubbing tower
Add the scrubbing tower
Mount a combined scrubbing and dephlegmating tower on the still, filled with broken stone or tile. The feed enters at its top and trickles down against the rising vapour and steam, which condenses the heavier fractions and carries them back to the still; the vapour goes on to the condensers.
Bahan untuk langkah ini:
Plat keluli lembut1 towerRivet keluli1 keping
Batu pecah1 broken stone or tileAlatan diperlukan:
Tukul rivet4
4
Set it
Set it
Settings are simple: brick cross piers or steel frames, with brick or concrete dividing walls between stills where they must carry the tower and heat exchangers. Pipe the residual outlet with a valve.
Bahan untuk langkah ini:
Bata1 cross piers
Injap pintu1 residualAlatan diperlukan:
Sudip tukangBahan
9- 1 towerPemegang Tempat
- 1 kepingPemegang Tempat
- 1 kepingPemegang Tempat
- 1 62.5 sq ft per 100 gal/hPemegang Tempat
- 1 open sprays, headerPemegang Tempat
- 2 kepingPemegang Tempat
- 1 broken stone or tilePemegang Tempat
- 1 cross piersPemegang Tempat
- 1 residualPemegang Tempat
Alatan Diperlukan
4- Pemegang Tempat
- Pemegang Tempat
- Pemegang Tempat
- Pemegang Tempat
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