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Pocket Morse Code Learning Board - v.2
Admiral OOM

Ṣẹ́dá nipasẹ̀

Admiral OOM

10. Oṣù Kọkànlá 2026NO
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Pocket Morse Code Learning Board - v.2

The complete pocket Morse decoder, 88 x 62 mm: every letter, the figures 0-9, the thirteen punctuation signs of the international code and the accented E, each with its own LED on Dave Nathanson's decoding chart. Press the key short for a dot and long for a dash, and the LED of the character you have reached lights; pause, and it blinks. It runs on one CR2032 coin cell and sleeps between uses. The board was drawn with Youblob's Draw PCB, and its checks pass, but it has not been built yet.
Ilọsíwájú
About 1 day, plus board delivery

Ìlànà

1

LED current and keying speed

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2

The letters-only board, before it

The same design with 27 LEDs. This one adds the figures and the signs, 59 LEDs in all.
3

Read the chart

Dave Nathanson's (KG6ZJO) complete chart adds the figures to his letters: "A-Z and Numbers (I left off the punctuation & symbols for simplicity)". This board adds them back from ITU-R M.1677-1 on new branches: . , : ? ' - / ( ) " = + @ and the accented E. Eight unlabelled LEDs are waypoints on the way to a figure or sign.
4

The schematic

ATmega328P on its internal 8 MHz clock, straight from the coin cell; 59 LEDs charlieplexed on nine lines (PC0-PC5, PD0, PD1, PD3) through 300 Ω resistors; the key on INT0; a 2x3 ISP footprint.

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Olùwò Àpẹrẹ PCB Akọ́ṣẹ́mọṣẹ́

5

The board

Two layers, 88 x 62 mm. The chart, LEDs and key on the front; the chip, resistors, capacitors and cell holder on the back.

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Olùwò Àpẹrẹ PCB Akọ́ṣẹ́mọṣẹ́

6

Order the board

Open the board in KiCad and plot Gerber and drill files (File > Fabrication Outputs). Order a two-layer board, 1.6 mm thick, from any board maker that takes Gerbers.

Àwọn ohun èlò fún ìgbésẹ̀ yìí:

Àwo PCBÀwo PCB1 ẹyọ

Àwọn irinṣẹ́ tí a nílò:

Kọ̀ǹpútà Tí Ó Ní Arduino IDEKọ̀ǹpútà Tí Ó Ní Arduino IDE
7

Solder the parts

Back first: paste and reflow U1, R1-R10, C1-C3 and the cell holder BT1 with hot air. Then the front: the 59 red LEDs D1-D59 with pad 1 (cathode) as the board's assembly drawing shows, and the key SW1, a two-pad 6 x 6 mm switch to match its footprint. J1 is optional. Clean off the flux, then test each LED's direction with the meter's diode test.

Àwọn ohun èlò fún ìgbésẹ̀ yìí:

Microcontroller ATmega328PMicrocontroller ATmega328P1 ẹyọ
LED chipLED chip59 ẹyọ
Rẹ́sístọ̀ chipRẹ́sístọ̀ chip10 ẹyọ
Kápásítọ̀ seramiki chipKápásítọ̀ seramiki chip3 ẹyọ
Bọ́tìnì ìtẹ̀Bọ́tìnì ìtẹ̀1 ẹyọ
Ibi ìmú bátìrìIbi ìmú bátìrì1 ẹyọ
Ìpara ìwélé (láìní òjé)Ìpara ìwélé (láìní òjé)1 ẹyọ
Wáyà Sọ́ldàWáyà Sọ́ldà1 ẹyọ

Àwọn irinṣẹ́ tí a nílò:

Ibùdó àtúnṣe afẹ́fẹ́ gbígbónáIbùdó àtúnṣe afẹ́fẹ́ gbígbóná
Irin ìsúdìIrin ìsúdì
Ìdìmú tí orí rẹ̀ múÌdìmú tí orí rẹ̀ mú
Fúlọ́ksìFúlọ́ksì
Dígí ÌgbégaDígí Ìgbéga
Òǹwọ̀n iná mànàmáná onírúurúÒǹwọ̀n iná mànàmáná onírúurú
Ọtí Isopropyl 99 %Ọtí Isopropyl 99 %
8

The firmware

pocket_morse_decoder_complete.ino: every timing is a named constant at the top of the sketch. Board in the Arduino IDE: Arduino Pro or Pro Mini, ATmega328P (3.3V, 8 MHz).
pocket_morse_decoder_complete.inoarduino
/*
  Pocket Morse decoder - firmware for ATmega328P-AU, internal 8 MHz, CR2032 (3 V)
  Board: Arduino Pro or Pro Mini, ATmega328P (3.3V, 8 MHz)  (fqbn arduino:avr:pro:cpu=8MHzatmega328)
  Fuses for the internal 8 MHz RC oscillator (set once with an ISP programmer):
    lfuse 0xE2, hfuse 0xD9, efuse 0xFF (brown-out detector off to save the coin cell)
  Upload with "Upload Using Programmer" over the 2x3 ISP header.

  59 LEDs are charlieplexed on 9 pins (each pin through its own 300 ohm resistor).
  Only one LED is ever lit.  Button on INT0 (D2) to GND, internal pull-up.
*/
#include <avr/sleep.h>
#include <avr/power.h>
#include <avr/pgmspace.h>

// ---------------- timings (milliseconds) ----------------
const unsigned long DASH_THRESHOLD_MS = 250;    // press shorter = dot, longer (or equal) = dash
const unsigned long CHAR_GAP_MS       = 700;    // no press for this long ends the character
const unsigned long IDLE_SLEEP_MS     = 30000;  // no press for this long -> all off, power-down sleep
const unsigned long BLINK_ON_MS       = 150;    // result blink: LED on time
const unsigned long BLINK_OFF_MS      = 150;    // result blink: LED off time
const uint8_t       BLINK_COUNT       = 3;      // number of result blinks
const unsigned long DEBOUNCE_MS       = 20;     // button debounce time

// ---------------- hardware ----------------
const uint8_t BUTTON_PIN = 2;                   // PD2 / INT0
// charlieplex lines L1..L9 -> PC0..PC5, PD0, PD1, PD3
const uint8_t LINE_PIN[9] = {A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, 0, 1, 3};
const uint8_t MAX_CODE_LEN = 7;

struct Node { uint8_t len; uint8_t bits; uint8_t anode; uint8_t cathode; };
// bits: symbol j of the code is bit j (1 = dash). Index 0 is Start.
const Node NODES[] PROGMEM = {
  {0, 0x00, 0, 8},  // D1 S Start
  {1, 0x01, 3, 8},  // D2 - T
  {1, 0x00, 8, 0},  // D3 . E
  {2, 0x03, 3, 6},  // D4 -- M
  {2, 0x01, 6, 5},  // D5 -. N
  {2, 0x02, 0, 3},  // D6 .- A
  {2, 0x00, 8, 1},  // D7 .. I
  {3, 0x07, 3, 7},  // D8 --- O
  {3, 0x03, 6, 7},  // D9 --. G
  {3, 0x05, 5, 6},  // D10 -.- K
  {3, 0x01, 5, 2},  // D11 -.. D
  {3, 0x06, 4, 1},  // D12 .-- W
  {3, 0x02, 1, 7},  // D13 .-. R
  {3, 0x04, 1, 3},  // D14 ..- U
  {3, 0x00, 8, 3},  // D15 ... S
  {4, 0x0F, 3, 5},  // D16 ---- _
  {4, 0x07, 5, 7},  // D17 ---. _
  {4, 0x0B, 7, 6},  // D18 --.- Q
  {4, 0x03, 7, 8},  // D19 --.. Z
  {4, 0x0D, 8, 2},  // D20 -.-- Y
  {4, 0x05, 6, 2},  // D21 -.-. C
  {4, 0x09, 6, 0},  // D22 -..- X
  {4, 0x01, 2, 5},  // D23 -... B
  {4, 0x0E, 0, 1},  // D24 .--- J
  {4, 0x06, 2, 4},  // D25 .--. P
  {4, 0x0A, 1, 2},  // D26 .-.- _
  {4, 0x02, 7, 1},  // D27 .-.. L
  {4, 0x0C, 7, 2},  // D28 ..-- _
  {4, 0x04, 2, 1},  // D29 ..-. F
  {4, 0x08, 3, 4},  // D30 ...- V
  {4, 0x00, 8, 4},  // D31 .... H
  {5, 0x1F, 5, 3},  // D32 ----- 0
  {5, 0x0F, 7, 5},  // D33 ----. 9
  {5, 0x07, 8, 7},  // D34 ---.. 8
  {5, 0x13, 6, 8},  // D35 --..- _
  {5, 0x03, 8, 6},  // D36 --... 7
  {5, 0x0D, 2, 8},  // D37 -.--. (
  {5, 0x09, 0, 6},  // D38 -..-. /
  {5, 0x11, 0, 2},  // D39 -...- =
  {5, 0x01, 5, 0},  // D40 -.... 6
  {5, 0x1E, 1, 5},  // D41 .---- 1
  {5, 0x16, 0, 4},  // D42 .--.- _
  {5, 0x0A, 3, 2},  // D43 .-.-. +
  {5, 0x12, 2, 7},  // D44 .-..- _
  {5, 0x1C, 4, 0},  // D45 ..--- 2
  {5, 0x0C, 7, 4},  // D46 ..--. _
  {5, 0x04, 3, 1},  // D47 ..-.. É
  {5, 0x18, 1, 4},  // D48 ...-- 3
  {5, 0x10, 4, 3},  // D49 ....- 4
  {5, 0x00, 4, 8},  // D50 ..... 5
  {6, 0x07, 8, 5},  // D51 ---... :
  {6, 0x33, 5, 8},  // D52 --..-- ,
  {6, 0x2D, 2, 6},  // D53 -.--.- )
  {6, 0x21, 0, 5},  // D54 -....- -
  {6, 0x1E, 5, 1},  // D55 .----. '
  {6, 0x16, 2, 0},  // D56 .--.-. @
  {6, 0x2A, 3, 0},  // D57 .-.-.- .
  {6, 0x12, 4, 2},  // D58 .-..-. "
  {6, 0x0C, 4, 7},  // D59 ..--.. ?
};
const uint8_t NODE_COUNT = sizeof(NODES) / sizeof(NODES[0]);
const uint8_t START_NODE = 0;
const int8_t  NO_NODE = -1;

volatile bool wokeUp = false;

void allOff() {
  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 9; i++) {
    pinMode(LINE_PIN[i], INPUT);
    digitalWrite(LINE_PIN[i], LOW);
  }
}

void lightNode(int8_t idx) {
  allOff();
  if (idx < 0 || idx >= NODE_COUNT) return;
  uint8_t a = pgm_read_byte(&NODES[idx].anode);
  uint8_t k = pgm_read_byte(&NODES[idx].cathode);
  digitalWrite(LINE_PIN[k], LOW);
  pinMode(LINE_PIN[k], OUTPUT);
  digitalWrite(LINE_PIN[a], HIGH);
  pinMode(LINE_PIN[a], OUTPUT);
}

int8_t findNode(uint8_t len, uint8_t bits) {
  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < NODE_COUNT; i++) {
    if (pgm_read_byte(&NODES[i].len) == len && pgm_read_byte(&NODES[i].bits) == bits) return i;
  }
  return NO_NODE;
}

bool buttonDown() { return digitalRead(BUTTON_PIN) == LOW; }

// wait until the button state is stable; returns that state
bool debouncedState() {
  bool s = buttonDown();
  unsigned long t = millis();
  while (millis() - t < DEBOUNCE_MS) {
    if (buttonDown() != s) { s = buttonDown(); t = millis(); }
  }
  return s;
}

void blink(int8_t idx) {
  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < BLINK_COUNT; i++) {
    lightNode(idx); delay(BLINK_ON_MS);
    allOff();       delay(BLINK_OFF_MS);
  }
}

void wakeISR() {
  detachInterrupt(digitalPinToInterrupt(BUTTON_PIN));
  wokeUp = true;
}

void goToSleep() {
  allOff();
  while (debouncedState()) {}              // make sure the button is released
  uint8_t adcsra = ADCSRA;
  ADCSRA = 0;                               // ADC off
  set_sleep_mode(SLEEP_MODE_PWR_DOWN);
  noInterrupts();
  wokeUp = false;
  EIFR = bit(INTF0);
  attachInterrupt(digitalPinToInterrupt(BUTTON_PIN), wakeISR, LOW);  // level interrupt wakes from power-down
  sleep_enable();
  sleep_bod_disable();
  interrupts();
  sleep_cpu();
  sleep_disable();
  ADCSRA = adcsra;
  while (debouncedState()) {}              // the waking press only wakes the board
}

uint8_t codeLen = 0;
uint8_t codeBits = 0;
bool    codeValid = true;
unsigned long lastActivity = 0;

void resetToStart() {
  codeLen = 0; codeBits = 0; codeValid = true;
  lightNode(START_NODE);
}

void setup() {
  for (uint8_t p = 4; p <= 13; p++) pinMode(p, INPUT_PULLUP);  // unused pins: no floating inputs
  pinMode(BUTTON_PIN, INPUT_PULLUP);
  allOff();
  power_spi_disable();
  power_twi_disable();
  power_usart0_disable();
  resetToStart();
  lastActivity = millis();
}

void loop() {
  unsigned long now = millis();

  if (debouncedState()) {                    // button pressed
    unsigned long pressStart = millis();
    while (debouncedState()) {}
    unsigned long pressLen = millis() - pressStart;
    bool dash = pressLen >= DASH_THRESHOLD_MS;
    if (codeValid && codeLen < MAX_CODE_LEN) {
      if (dash) codeBits |= (1 << codeLen);
      codeLen++;
      int8_t n = findNode(codeLen, codeBits);
      if (n == NO_NODE) { codeValid = false; allOff(); }
      else lightNode(n);
    } else {
      codeValid = false; allOff();
    }
    lastActivity = millis();
    return;
  }

  if (codeLen > 0 && now - lastActivity >= CHAR_GAP_MS) {   // end of character
    if (codeValid) blink(findNode(codeLen, codeBits));
    else blink(START_NODE);
    resetToStart();
    lastActivity = millis();   // idle time counts from the end of the character
    return;
  }

  if (codeLen == 0 && now - lastActivity >= IDLE_SLEEP_MS) {
    goToSleep();
    resetToStart();            // on wake light Start
    lastActivity = millis();
  }
}
9

Set the fuses and upload

Do not use Burn Bootloader: the Pro board setting expects a crystal, and this board has none. Hold an ISP programmer's 2x3 pins on J1 and set the internal 8 MHz clock: avrdude -c usbasp -p m328p -U lfuse:w:0xE2:m -U hfuse:w:0xD9:m -U efuse:w:0xFF:m. Then, in the Arduino IDE, use Sketch > Upload Using Programmer.

Àwọn irinṣẹ́ tí a nílò:

Olùkọ ètò AVR ISPOlùkọ ètò AVR ISP
Kọ̀ǹpútà Tí Ó Ní Arduino IDEKọ̀ǹpútà Tí Ó Ní Arduino IDE
10

Print the back shell

An open-front tray, 92.6 x 66.6 x 8.3 mm, with four standoffs for M2 screws, a notch and floor opening to slide the cell out and an opening under J1. PLA, 0.2 mm layers, 20 % infill, printed on its floor.
Fáìlì ÀpẹrẹSTLCC0 - Free
Gba àwòṣe wọlé
11

Fit the shell

The standoffs hold the board 6.7 mm above the floor: measure your cell holder with a cell in it before you print. Check the holder's open end faces the board's bottom edge, where the shell's cell notch is. Slide in a CR2032 and screw the board into the shell with four M2 x 8 self-tapping screws.

Àwọn ohun èlò fún ìgbésẹ̀ yìí:

Okùn PLAOkùn PLA1 ẹyọ
Ìdè-skúrù tí ń gé ọ̀nà ara rẹ̀Ìdè-skúrù tí ń gé ọ̀nà ara rẹ̀4 ẹyọ
Bátìrì owó ẹyọ CR2032Bátìrì owó ẹyọ CR20321 ẹyọ

Àwọn irinṣẹ́ tí a nílò:

Ẹ̀rọ ìtẹ̀ 3D oníwàyà (FDM)Ẹ̀rọ ìtẹ̀ 3D oníwàyà (FDM)
Kálípà FáníàKálípà Fáníà
Ìdìpọ̀ sìkírúdáìfà tí ó péyeÌdìpọ̀ sìkírúdáìfà tí ó péye
12

Troubleshooting

Pocket Morse decoder troubleshooting.

Flow

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13

History and honest limits

The letters and figures follow **Dave Nathanson**'s (KG6ZJO) complete chart of 2011, shared as copyleft. Where the signs sit is ours; their codes are ITU-R M.1677-1's. The board, sizes, parts and timings are ours, drawn with Youblob's Draw PCB: its ERC and DRC pass with no errors and every LED's wiring, code and label was checked against the firmware by script, but it has not been built, flashed or tested.

Àwọn ohun-èlò

12

Àwọn irinṣẹ́ tó nílò

12

Àwọn fáìlì àpẹrẹ

1

Ìtọ́nisọ́nà yìí ń ṣe

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Ẹ̀rọ Ìtúmọ̀ Kóòdù Morse

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Pocket Morse Code Learning Board - v.1

Pocket Morse Code Learning Board - v.1

láti ọwọ́ Admiral OOMNO

Ẹ̀rọ Ìtanná

1
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Morse Code

Morse Code

láti ọwọ́ PixelFI

ÌMỌ̀-Ẹ̀RỌ

46
0
0
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Morse Telegraph

Morse Telegraph

láti ọwọ́ EdFI

ÌMỌ̀-Ẹ̀RỌ

65
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CC0 Àgbègbè Gbogbogbò

Blueprint yìí ti jáde lábẹ́ CC0. O lè ṣe àdàkọ, yí padà, pín, àti lò láìsí ìyọ̀ǹda.

Ṣàtìlẹ́yìn Olùṣẹ́dá nípa rírà àwọn ọjà nipasẹ̀ Blueprint wọn Ẹ̀san Olùṣẹ́dá tí àwọn Olùtajà gbé kalẹ̀, tàbí ṣẹ̀dá àtúnṣe tuntun ti Blueprint yìí kí o sì fi sínú Blueprint rẹ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìsopọ̀ láti pín owó-wíwọlé.

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