IṢẸ́ ỌNÀ
ẸWÀ ÀTI ÌLERA
IṢẸ́ ỌWỌ́
ÀṢÀ ÀTI ÌTÀN
ÌṢERÉ
ÀYÍKÁ
OÚNJẸ ÀTI OHUN MÍMU
REVERSE ENGINEERING
SÁYẸ́ǸSÌ
ERÉ ÌDÁRAYÁ
ÌMỌ̀-Ẹ̀RỌ
ÀWỌN OHUN WÍWỌ̀
Weighing Out: By Difference, and Never Straight Onto the Pan
The tare rung showed how to subtract a container. This is the rung above it: what to do when the substance will not cooperate — when it sticks, absorbs water from the air, or must not touch the balance at all.
The technique is WEIGHING BY DIFFERENCE. Weigh the container full, tip some out into the receiving vessel, weigh the container again, and the mass transferred is the difference. You never weigh the substance itself, and nothing that clings to the container matters.
It is also faster than chasing a target mass, because you stop caring what the number is. Tip out roughly the right amount, weigh, and use the mass you actually got — which is what the solution-making rung does with it.
Olùbẹ̀rẹ̀
2 hours
Ìlànà
1
1
Nothing goes directly on the pan
Nothing goes directly on the pan
Use a weighing boat, a watch glass, a weighing bottle or a piece of paper. A balance pan is a precision surface, and a substance spilled on it is both a contaminated balance and a lost sample.
Corrosive substances are worse than lost — they etch the pan and the case, and the damage is permanent. Anything that attacks metal goes in a closed weighing bottle, not on an open watch glass.
Brush the pan and the surround clean when you finish, every time. The next person to use the balance has no way of knowing what you left there, and neither will you in a week.
Àwọn ohun èlò fún ìgbésẹ̀ yìí:
Sodium chloride (iyọ̀)1 ẹyọÀwọn irinṣẹ́ tí a nílò:
Òṣùwọ̀n Pípé
Dígí aago
Àwo ìyípadà2
2
Weighing by difference, step by step
Weighing by difference, step by step
Weigh the closed container with the substance in it and write the mass down. Tip roughly the amount you want into the receiving vessel. Re-weigh the container and write that down. The difference is what went across.
What stays stuck inside the container is now irrelevant, and so is any moisture it picked up before the first weighing — both cancel. That is the whole advantage, and it is why the technique exists for hygroscopic and sticky solids.
Tip directly into the receiving vessel, never via a third surface. Every extra surface is somewhere for the sample to stay behind, and the difference method assumes everything that left the container arrived.
Àwọn ohun èlò fún ìgbésẹ̀ yìí:
Copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4·5H2O)1 ẹyọÀwọn irinṣẹ́ tí a nílò:
Òṣùwọ̀n PípéÀwo ìyípadà
Ago Gílásì3
3
Let the balance settle, and let the sample reach room temperature
Let the balance settle, and let the sample reach room temperature
Close the draught shield and wait for the reading to stop moving before writing it down. An open balance on a bench is measuring the air currents in the room as much as the sample.
A warm sample reads LIGHT, for two reasons at once: the air it warms rises and lifts, and warm air in a container weighs less than the cold air it replaced. Both push the same way, which is why a hot crucible always seems to have lost more than it should.
Level the balance and leave it alone. Check the bubble, keep it off a bench anybody leans on, and re-zero at the start of a session rather than trusting yesterday's.
Àwọn irinṣẹ́ tí a nílò:
Òṣùwọ̀n Pípé
Ìkòkò gbígbẹ gíláàsì4
4
Write down what you got, not what you wanted
Write down what you got, not what you wanted
The mass to record is the one on the display. Writing "5.00 g" in the notebook because that was the plan, when the balance said 5.03, makes every calculated concentration downstream wrong by 0.6% for no reason at all.
Record both masses in a difference weighing, not just the subtraction. The arithmetic can then be checked, and an error in it does not destroy the measurement.
And record which balance. Two balances in the same room can disagree by more than either one's readability, and a result that will not reproduce is much easier to trace when the notebook says which instrument produced it.
Àwọn irinṣẹ́ tí a nílò:
Ẹ̀rọ ÌṣiròÒṣùwọ̀n PípéÀwọn ohun-èlò
2- Àyè
Blueprint tó jọra
Àwọn blueprint wọ̀nyí pín ìmọ̀ — ọ̀nà, ohun-èlò tàbí ìlànà
Zero, Tare and the Blank: Measure What Your Instrument Reads When It Should Read Nothing
láti ọwọ́ Penny
Ìtúpalẹ̀
15
0
0
0
0
0
Making Up a Solution: Which Glassware Actually Measures, and Which Only Looks Like It
láti ọwọ́ Charlie
Kẹ́míkà
24
0
0
0
0
0
Significant Figures: How Much of Your Number Is Actually Real
láti ọwọ́ Penny
Físíkì
21
0
0
0
0
0
CC0 Àgbègbè Gbogbogbò
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