कला
सुन्दरता र कल्याण
हस्तकला
संस्कृति र इतिहास
मनोरञ्जन
वातावरण
खाना र पेय
रिभर्स इन्जिनियरिङ
विज्ञान
खेलकुद
प्रविधि
पहिर्न मिल्ने
Refined White Sugar from Raw Cane Sugar
Raw cane sugar is sucrose crystals with a sticky brown coating of molasses. Refining removes that coating and the colour to give white sugar. The crystals are first softened in a concentrated syrup (affination), then dissolved. The syrup is cleaned by carbonatation: milk of lime and carbon dioxide form calcium carbonate, which settles out and carries impurities with it. Colour is taken out with granular activated carbon. The syrup is then boiled down, cooled and seeded so the sugar crystallises, the liquor is spun off in a centrifuge, and the white crystals are dried in hot air. The left-over liquor becomes refiners' molasses. Refined sugar measures below 300 ICUMSA colour units; raw sugar is over 1,500.
उन्नत
Factory process
निर्देशनहरू
1
1
Affination
Affination
Immerse the raw sugar crystals in a concentrated syrup. It softens and removes the sticky brown coating without dissolving the crystals. Separate the crystals from the syrup.
यस चरणका सामग्री:
उखुको काँचो चिनी1 as requiredचाहिने औजार:
चिनी सेन्ट्रिफ्युज2
2
Dissolve
Dissolve
Dissolve the washed crystals in water to make a syrup.
यस चरणका सामग्री:
पानी1 as required3
3
Carbonatation
Carbonatation
Add milk of lime (calcium hydroxide in water) and bubble carbon dioxide through the syrup. Ca(OH)₂ + CO₂ → CaCO₃ + H₂O. The calcium carbonate that forms takes impurities with it; filter it out.
यस चरणका सामग्री:
क्याल्सियम हाइड्रोक्साइड (निभाइएको चुन)1 as required
कार्बन डाइअक्साइड ग्यास1 as requiredचाहिने औजार:
कार्बोनेटेसन ट्याङ्की
फिल्टर प्रेस4
4
Decolourise
Decolourise
Pass the syrup through granular activated carbon to remove the colour.
यस चरणका सामग्री:
दानेदार सक्रिय कार्बन1 as required5
5
Boil and crystallise
Boil and crystallise
Concentrate the syrup by boiling, then cool it and seed it with sugar crystals so the sugar crystallises out.
चाहिने औजार:
चिनी उमाल्ने कराही6
6
Spin and dry
Spin and dry
Spin the liquor off in a centrifuge and dry the white crystals in hot air. The surplus liquor is made into refiners' molasses.
चाहिने औजार:
चिनी सेन्ट्रिफ्युज
तातो हावा सुकाउने यन्त्रसामग्री
5- 1 as requiredप्लेसहोल्डर
- 1 as requiredप्लेसहोल्डर
- 1 as requiredप्लेसहोल्डर
- 1 as requiredप्लेसहोल्डर
- 1 as requiredप्लेसहोल्डर
आवश्यक उपकरणहरू
5- प्लेसहोल्डर
- प्लेसहोल्डर
- प्लेसहोल्डर
- प्लेसहोल्डर
- प्लेसहोल्डर
यो खाकाले बनाउँछ
सम्बन्धित ब्लुप्रिन्ट
यी ब्लुप्रिन्टहरूले ज्ञान साझा गर्छन् — प्रविधि, सामग्री वा सिद्धान्त
CC0 सार्वजनिक डोमेन
यो ब्लुप्रिन्ट CC0 अन्तर्गत जारी गरिएको छ। तपाईं अनुमति नसोधी प्रतिलिपि, परिमार्जन, वितरण र प्रयोग गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ।
ब्लुप्रिन्ट मार्फत उत्पादनहरू किनेर सिर्जनाकर्तालाई सहयोग गर्नुहोस् सिर्जनाकर्ता कमिसन विक्रेताले तोकेको, वा यो ब्लुप्रिन्टको नयाँ संस्करण बनाउनुहोस् र आम्दानी बाँड्न आफ्नो ब्लुप्रिन्टमा जडानको रूपमा समावेश गर्नुहोस्।