Pakikipagtulungan
SINING
BEAUTY AT WELLNESS
CRAFTS
KULTURA AT KASAYSAYAN
LIBANGAN
KAPALIGIRAN
PAGKAIN AT INUMIN
REVERSE ENGINEERING
AGHAM
ISPORTS
TEKNOLOHIYA
MGA WEARABLE
Reverberatory Furnace: the Air Furnace for Melting Cast Iron (Bolland, 1893)
An air furnace melts iron apart from the fuel: coal burns on a grate at one end, and the flame is thrown down from a low arched roof onto the iron on the bed, then leaves by a tall chimney. The iron stays cleaner than in a cupola, so founders used it for guns, rolls, heavy scrap and lumps too big for the cupola.
This furnace is 30 ft 6 in long and 7 ft wide outside, 5 ft wide inside, cased in bolted wrought-iron plates.
Source: S. Bolland, The Iron Founder Supplement (1893), pp. 55-67. Unknown: brick sizes, plate thickness. Picture: Fig. 14 of the book.
Dalubhasa
Unknown
Mga Tagubilin
1
1
Lay the foundation
Lay the foundation
Build the foundation solid of common material up to the firebrick, shaped so the firebrick bed slopes down from the chimney end to the reservoir. Keep the bricks from B to C 6 in below the finished bottom, to leave room for the sand bed.
Mga materyales para sa hakbang na ito:
Ladrilyo1 foundationMga kailangang kasangkapan:
Kutsara ng mason
Hindi alam na sukat2
2
Build the fireplace, bridge and roof
Build the fireplace, bridge and roof
Build the fireplace the full width of the furnace (5 ft inside, grate 5 ft long). Set the bridge wall at least 2 ft 3 in from the face of the grate bars. Build bridge, sides, roof and fireplace of the most refractory firebrick. Arch the roof the whole length, low, so it throws the flame down onto the bed; fill above the arches with common material. Leave the side charging hole (5 x 4 ft), the top hole (furnace width x 6 ft), the puddling hole over the reservoir, a sight hole and the tap hole.
Mga materyales para sa hakbang na ito:
Mga laryong refraktaryo1 lining, bridge, roof
Argamasa ng luwad na matibay sa apoy1 settingLadrilyo1 filling above the arch
Hindi alam na metal1 grate barsMga kailangang kasangkapan:
Kutsara ng mason3
3
Case it in plates and bolt it
Case it in plates and bolt it
Case the whole structure in wrought-iron plates, held at the corners with angle-irons. Run eight chief anchor bolts from side to side, clear of all working parts. Join everything with bolts, not rivets, so any plate can come off for repairs. Line the charging doors with firebrick.
Mga materyales para sa hakbang na ito:
Plato na bakal1 casing, doors
Baras ng pinandayang bakal8 anchor boltsHindi alam na metal1 angle-irons, door framesMga laryong refraktaryo1 door liningsMga kailangang kasangkapan:
Hindi alam na sukat4
4
Build the chimney
Build the chimney
Build the chimney square, 30 to 40 ft high, with an inside course of firebrick (Fig. 14: 2 ft 6 in square inside). Make its area a little larger than the fireplace. Put a damper on top that can be worked from the bottom: it alone sets the draught. It can stand apart on a sole plate on four columns.
Mga materyales para sa hakbang na ito:
Mga laryong refraktaryo1 inside courseLadrilyo1 chimneyHindi alam na metal1 damperMga kailangang kasangkapan:
Kutsara ng mason5
5
Make the sand bottom
Make the sand bottom
Make the bottom from B round the reservoir to C with 8 parts fire-sand to 1 of clay and 1 of ground coke. Fire it well for one to two hours before the first charge; it should last ten heats. Fill the tap hole with fire-sand and a little coal dust, which will not cake when hot.
Mga materyales para sa hakbang na ito:
Buhangin8 parts
Luwad1 part
Kokeng metalurhiko1 part, groundMga kailangang kasangkapan:
Bituminous na uling-bato6
6
Charge and melt
Charge and melt
Fire with soft, non-caking bituminous coal and keep a full grate; clinker quickly and leave no holes for cold air. Charge all the iron at the start: first layer of pigs lengthwise and a little apart, next layers across, open so the flame passes. Set heavy pieces on firebricks so the flame plays all round them. Through the puddling hole, dip test pieces and skim the iron clean. To blend two grades, thrust green saplings into the melt. Close the damper before tapping. Look the furnace over after every heat.
Mga kailangang kasangkapan:
Bituminous na uling-bato
Mga tinunaw na bakal na hilaw
Baging Punong Matigas ang Kahoy
Butas-butas na sandokMga Materyales
9- 1 chimneyPlaceholder
- 1 inside coursePlaceholder
- 1 settingPlaceholder
- 1 damperPlaceholder
- 1 casing, doorsPlaceholder
- 8 anchor boltsPlaceholder
- 8 partsPlaceholder
- 1 partPlaceholder
- 1 part, groundPlaceholder
Mga Kinakailangang Kasangkapan
6- Placeholder
- Placeholder
- Placeholder
- Placeholder
- Placeholder
- Placeholder
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