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UBUHANZI
UBWIZA N'UBUZIMA
UBUKORIKORI
UMUCO N'AMATEKA
IMYIDAGADURO
IBIDUKIKIJE
IBIRIBWA N'IBINYOBWA
UBWUBATSI BUSUBIRA INYUMA
UBUMENYI
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IBYAMBARWA
Amazi y’umwuka ku ziko
Isobanujwe
Charlie

Yaremwe na

Charlie

11. Ukwakira 2026DE
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Amazi y’umwuka ku ziko

Teka amazi ya robine mu isafuriya ipfundikiye maze ufate umwuka uhinduka amazi ku mupfundikizo ukonje, ucuritse. Umwuka usiga inyuma imyunyu n’imyunyungugu byashongeshejwe, bityo ibitonyanga bigwa mu ibakure iri hagati ni amazi y’umwuka (distilled): ku byuma bitera ipasi bikoresha umwuka, batiri za lead-acid, ubutabire, ibitanga ubuhehere no kongera mu kintu cyose kitagomba gufata ingese y’amabuye. Biratinda kandi bikoresha ingufu nyinshi ku mazi make. Agatabo karerekana impamvu, n’uko wapima iziko ryawe.
Utangiye
Hafi amasaha 2

Amabwiriza

1

Impamvu bikoresha ingufu nyinshi

Gupakira ikaye ya Jupyter…
2

Tegura isafuriya

Shyira akagobe mu isafuriya nini n’ibakure y’ikirahuri hejuru yako. Suka amazi ya robine azengurutse ibakure kugeza hafi cm 5 munsi y’inkengero y’ibakure, hafi litiro 4; nta na make agomba kumena mu ibakure.

Ibikoresho by'iyi ntambwe:

AmaziAmazi4 litiro

Ibikoresho bikenewe:

Inkono niniInkono nini
Igitereko cy'inkono zishyushyeIgitereko cy'inkono zishyushye
Igikombe cy'ikirahureIgikombe cy'ikirahure
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Curika umupfundikizo

Shyiraho umupfundikizo ucuritse, ikiganza hasi, kugira ngo uhengamire hagati yawo hejuru y’ibakure. Umwuka uzahinduka amazi munsi yawo maze utembe ugana ku kiganza utonyange mu ibakure.

Ibikoresho bikenewe:

Inkono niniInkono nini
4

Teka buhoro

Shyushya kugeza amazi atangiye kubira buhoro, hanyuma ugabanye kugira ngo akomeze kubira buhoro. Kubira cyane bitera udutonyanga mu ibakure. Tangiza isaha ibara ku gitonyanga cya mbere.

Ibikoresho bikenewe:

Urubaho rushyushyaUrubaho rushyushya
Isaha yo GuhagarikaIsaha yo Guhagarika
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Urubura ku mupfundikizo

Uzuza umupfundikizo ucuritse urubura. Umupfundikizo ukonje cyane uhindura umwuka mwinshi amazi. Iyo urubura rumaze gushonga, vomamo amazi yarushonze wambaye uturindantoki tw’ifuru maze wongeremo urubura rushya.

Ibikoresho by'iyi ntambwe:

Utubuye tw'uruburaUtubuye tw'urubura1 kg

Ibikoresho bikenewe:

Ikiyiko kininiIkiyiko kinini
Uturindantoki twihanganira ubushyuheUturindantoki twihanganira ubushyuhe
6

Hagarara mbere y’uko akama

Hagarara hakiri nibura cm 3 z’amazi mu isafuriya: ibisigaye inyuma bifite imyunyu yose. Zimya umuriro, ureke bihore iminota 10, maze uterure umupfundikizo uwerekeza kure yawe; umwuka urashya.

Ibikoresho bikenewe:

Uturindantoki twihanganira ubushyuheUturindantoki twihanganira ubushyuhe
7

Pima kandi ugerageze

Pima amazi y’umwuka maze wandike igihe. Soma icyitegererezo cy’amazi ya robine n’icy’amazi y’umwuka ukoresheje TDS meter: amazi y’umwuka agomba gusoma make cyane. Andika imibare yawe mu gatabo.

Ibikoresho bikenewe:

Iminzani ya Digitale yo mu GikoniIminzani ya Digitale yo mu Gikoni
Isaha yo GuhagarikaIsaha yo Guhagarika
Igipimo cya TDSIgipimo cya TDS
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Bibike

Bisuke mu kibindi cy’ikirahuri gisukuye gifite umupfundikizo maze ucyandikeho. Ta amazi asigaye mu isafuriya.

Ibikoresho bikenewe:

Icupa ry'Ikirahure Rifite UmufunikoIcupa ry'Ikirahure Rifite Umufuniko
9

Gukemura ibibazo

Gukemura ibibazo byo gukora amazi y’umwuka ku ziko.

Flow

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10

Ibyo bikuraho, n’ibyo bidakuraho

Gukora amazi y’umwuka bisiga mu isafuriya imyunyu ishongeshejwe, imyunyungugu n’umwanda mwinshi. Ibintu bibira ku bushyuhe bungana cyangwa buri munsi y’ubwo amazi abiraho bishobora kugendana n’umwuka, bityo si uburyo bwizewe bwo gukura mu mazi yanduye ibishongesha cyangwa amavuta y’ibicanwa. Ibikoresho byo muri laboratwari bikora amazi y’umwuka bikoresha ihame rimwe hamwe na condenser ikonjeshwa n’amazi, byihuta kandi bikoresha urubura ruke.

Ibikoresho

2

Ibikoresho bikenewe

10

Iki gishushanyo gikora

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