UBUHANZI
UBWIZA N'UBUZIMA
UBUKORIKORI
UMUCO N'AMATEKA
IMYIDAGADURO
IBIDUKIKIJE
IBIRIBWA N'IBINYOBWA
UBWUBATSI BUSUBIRA INYUMA
UBUMENYI
SIPORO
IKORANABUHANGA
IBYAMBARWA
Glass Hydrometer: Blown, Weighted with Shot, Calibrated in Known Liquids
A hydrometer is a glass float with a thin stem: it sinks deeper in light liquids and rides higher in dense ones, so a scale on the stem reads specific gravity. Baumé fixed his scale at two points, pure water and 15 % brine (Ure, 1839); here the scale is marked in sugar solutions of known strength, giving degrees Brix, and in liquids weighed for their specific gravity.
The picture: an old glass hydrometer with a paper scale inside its stem and a ballast bulb below.
Hejuru
A day
Amabwiriza
1
1
Blow the float
Blow the float
On a tube, blow an elongated bulb, then a small second bulb below it for ballast, and draw the tube above into a thin, even stem.
Ibikoresho by'iyi ntambwe:
Agafuka k'imiyoboro y'ikirahure1 igiceIbikoresho bikenewe:
Itara ryo ku meza ryo guhuha ikirahure
Amadarubindi y'umutekano
Uturindantoki twihanganira ubushyuhe2
2
Ballast and scale paper
Ballast and scale paper
Drop small lead shot into the lower bulb until the float stands upright in water with most of the stem out. Slide a paper strip into the stem.
Ibikoresho by'iyi ntambwe:
Ikibumbe cy'isasu50 g
Impapuro1 igiceIbikoresho bikenewe:
Umunzani w'ibiro3
3
Seal the top
Seal the top
Heat the top of the stem and draw it closed. Check that it floats upright and does not leak.
Ibikoresho bikenewe:
Itara ryo ku meza ryo guhuha ikirahureAmadarubindi y'umutekano4
4
Mark the water point
Mark the water point
Float it in water at room temperature in the cylinder and mark where the surface cuts the stem: specific gravity 1.000 and 0 °Brix.
Ibikoresho by'iyi ntambwe:
Amazi1 litiroIbikoresho bikenewe:
Igipimo cy'ikirahure gifite imirongo
Igipima Ubushyuhe
Agati ko gushushanya k'idayimani5
5
Mark the other points
Mark the other points
Make sugar solutions by weight (see the notebook) and salt brines; float the hydrometer in each and mark the stem. Weigh 100 mL of each liquid to write its specific gravity beside the mark. Copy the marks onto the paper strip in ink and reseal if you opened it.
Ibikoresho by'iyi ntambwe:
Isukari y'umweru0.3 kg
Umunyu0.3 kgAmazi2 litiro
Wino y'Icyuma n'Ibibyimba by'Ibiti2 mlIbikoresho bikenewe:
Umunzani w'ibiroIgipimo cy'ikirahure gifite imirongo
Ikaramu y'Ibaba6
6
Calibration liquids
Calibration liquids
Gupakira ikaye ya Jupyter…
7
7
Limits
Limits
Ure's two-point Baumé principle and the Brix definition are sourced; the bulb form, shot ballast and weighing method are ours. Read at the temperature you calibrated at; this hydrometer has no potential-alcohol scale.
Ibikoresho
7- Umwanya
- Umwanya
- 1 igiceUmwanya
- 3 litiroUmwanya
- 0.3 kgUmwanya
- 0.3 kgUmwanya
- Umwanya
Ibikoresho bikenewe
8- Umwanya
- Umwanya
- Umwanya
- Umwanya
Iki gishushanyo gikora
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