Bateri ya Gaze ya Grove

Buri seli yabanjirije iyi yatwaraga lisansi yayo bwite. Umurundo wa Volta wariye uduce twawo twa zinki; seli ya Daniell yariye agati ka zinki n'umuti wa sulufate y'umuringa. Iyo icyuma cyarangiraga, seli nayo ikarangira, kandi uburyo bwonyine bwo kubona ingufu nyinshi kwari ukubaka seli nini kurushaho. Mu 1839 William Robert Grove, umunyamategeko wakoraga fiziki mu bihe by'ikiruhuko, yatangaje ikindi kintu muri Philosophical Magazine. Yashyize ibice bibiri bya platine bikinjira kimwe cya kabiri mu cyuma cya sulufuriki gicye, hanyuma afunga igice cyo hejuru cy'ikimwe muri hidorojeni ikindi muri ogisijeni. Seli yatangaga hafi volt imwe nta cyuma na kimwe gikoreshwa kirimo: platine yagumaga idahindutse, icyakoreshwaga ni gaze. Yateranyirijeho mirongo itanu muri byo abyita bateri ya volta ya gaze, ayikoresha atandukanya amazi n'amashanyarazi, atyo asubiza inyuma ihinduka ryayo hakoreshejwe yo ubwayo. Icyo ni cyo gitekerezo cyose cya seli ya lisansi, kandi cyaje imyaka ijana na makumyabiri mbere y'uko hagira uwagikoresha. Impamvu iri mu ntambwe ya gatatu: ihinduka rishobora kubaho gusa ku murongo aho gaze, amazi n'ikinyabutabire bihurira, kandi kuri fatizo ya platine iringaniye uwo murongo ni mugufi cyane. Seli za Grove zatangaga voltage nziza ariko amashanyarazi hafi nta yo. Ibyakurikiyeho byose — platine y'umukara, amabati afite utwobo ya Mond na Langer, ibyuma bya nikeli bya Bacon bishyizwe mu gitutu, n'umurundo w'urwenya rugezweho — ni ugutera icyo kibazo kimwe cy'imiterere. Grove ntiyigeze abisaba uburenganzira bw'umuhanzi. Yabitangaje mu ibaruwa, hanyuma ajya mu mpaka ku kubungabunga ingufu.