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Water Bath: Copper Tank with Plug-In Heaters and an Air-Tube Thermostat (Lidberg, US 1,397,766, 1921)

Tiodolf Lidberg · Public domain (US patent drawing)

أنشأه

Penny

3. نوفمبر 2026

Water Bath: Copper Tank with Plug-In Heaters and an Air-Tube Thermostat (Lidberg, US 1,397,766, 1921)

An electric constant-temperature water bath for laboratory and bacteriological work. A copper tank sits in an insulated fibre-board box; two heater tubes and a thermostat tube are soldered through its wall so the heating coils and the switch plug in from outside. A switch adds extra coils to heat the water up quickly; then the thermostat alone holds the set temperature. Perforated trays on adjustable rods hold the tubes or flasks at the depth you choose. Result: a thermostatic water bath that holds its water at a set temperature. Source: T. Lidberg (Chicago Surgical & Electrical Co.), US 1,397,766 (1921). Unknown: sizes, the temperature range, the heater wire. Picture: the patent drawing.

متوسط

Unknown

التعليمات

Build the insulated tank

Make a rectangular box of fibrous board on four short legs and line it with hair felt or cloth. Set a sheet copper tank inside, its walls a little taller than the box and turned over the top edge as a bead. Make perforated trays of several shelves, each with an upright rod hooked at the top for lifting, and on each rod a sliding clip with a set screw whose end rests on the tank edge, to set how deep the tray hangs. Not given: sizes.

المواد لهذه الخطوة:

مادة غير معروفة1 fibrous board box, legs

قماش غير معروف1 hair felt or cloth lining

صفيحة نحاس1 tank

صفيحة غربال مثقبة1 trays

معدن غير معروف1 rods, clips

براغي آلية1 قطعة

الأدوات المطلوبة:

مقصّ صفائح

كاوية لحام

أبعاد غير معروفة

Fit the heater tubes

Solder two watertight tubes across the tank, each closed at its inner end and open outside the wall, and a third for the thermostat. For each heater, wind two coils on a rod held in the tube by an insulating disk and an end head; join one end of each coil to the rod and the others to plates on the head, and cover the terminals with a cap plate. Slide each heater into its tube. Ours: nichrome wire. Not given: the coil ratings.

المواد لهذه الخطوة:

أنبوب نحاسي3 heater and thermostat tubes

لحام قصدير-رصاص1 as needed

سلك نيكروم1 four coils

معدن غير معروف2 rods, plates, caps

مادة عازلة غير معروفة1 disks, heads

الأدوات المطلوبة:

كاوية لحام

منشار حديد

Make the air-tube thermostat

In the closed thermostat tube, mount on an insulating disk a strip carrying a thermostatic bar with a contact at its free end. Facing it, pivot an adjustable bar with its own contact on a bracket in the tube's insulating head, held by a spring against an adjusting screw with a knob outside: turning it sets the temperature at which the contacts open. Bridge the contacts with a condenser to stop sparking. The air in the tube takes the bath's temperature and bends the bar. Ours: a bimetallic strip.

المواد لهذه الخطوة:

شريط ثنائي المعدن1 thermostatic bar

معدن غير معروف1 strip, bar, bracket, contacts, screw

مادة عازلة غير معروفة1 disk, head

طقم نوابض ضغط1 قطعة

طقم مكثّفات1 spark condenser

الأدوات المطلوبة:

طقم مفكات

Wire and use it

Wire one coil of each heater through the thermostat, and the other coil of each through a hand switch, with a lamp across the supply to show when current flows. To start, close the switch so all four coils heat the water up. Once it is at temperature, open the switch: the thermostat then switches its two coils on and off to hold the bath steady. Lower the trays of tubes or flasks to the depth wanted.

المواد لهذه الخطوة: