Bismuth Oxide: Subnitrate Heated until the Red Fumes Stop (Thorpe 1913)

Thorpe's best way to bismuth oxide: heat bismuth subnitrate until red fumes stop coming off. The red fumes are nitrogen dioxide, a poisonous gas: fume hood only. Source: Thorpe, Dictionary of Applied Chemistry vol. 1 (1913), Bismuth. Crucible and furnace are ours. Picture drawn by Youblob.

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