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Double-Motion Dasher Churn: One Crank Spins One Dasher and Plunges the Other
Alexander Hall, Loydsville, Ohio · Public domain (expired patent)
Emma

Created by

Emma

6. October 2026SE
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Double-Motion Dasher Churn: One Crank Spins One Dasher and Plunges the Other

Hall combined "a vertical reciprocating-dasher with a horizontal rotary-dasher so as to break and agitate the cream in two directions at once." Alexander Hall of Loydsville, Ohio, received US 6,777, dated 9 October 1849, for a churn with a vertical spindle carrying a rotary dasher at its foot, turned by a bevel pinion and wheel from a horizontal driving shaft on the lid; a crank on the inner end of that shaft works, through a rod, a reciprocating dasher on a tubular stem sliding on the spindle, so "the currents produced by either dasher are broken and distorted by the other." This rung works out the two motions, then prints a crown wheel and lantern, the two dashers, builds the drive on a box lid, and makes butter.
Advanced
About 5 hours, plus printing

Instructions

1

Two motions from one crank

Loading Jupyter Notebook...
2

Rotary and vertical motion together before it

The embedded blueprint gives one dasher both motions through a spiral slot. Hall gives each motion its own dasher, from one crank.
3

Read US 6,777

"The cream or milk is placed in the tub and power being applied to the driving shaft (c) a rapid rotary motion is communicated through the wheels c d to the dasher b while at the same time the upper dasher h receives a vertical reciprocating motion through the crank k and rod i."
4

Print the parts

Print the crown wheel with its pegs and crank pin (/uploads/blueprints/double-motion-dasher-churn-crown-wheel.stl), the lantern pinion (/uploads/blueprints/double-motion-dasher-churn-lantern.stl), the rotary dasher (/uploads/blueprints/double-motion-dasher-churn-rotary-dasher.stl), the perforated reciprocating dasher with its sleeve (/uploads/blueprints/double-motion-dasher-churn-reciprocating-dasher.stl) and the crank arm (/uploads/blueprints/double-motion-dasher-churn-crank-arm.stl). Print in PLA at 0.2 mm layers, 30 % infill, 4 walls; wash before first use.

Materials for this step:

PLA FilamentPLA Filament1 piece

Tools needed:

FDM 3D PrinterFDM 3D Printer
5

Spindle and dashers

Glue the rotary dasher on the foot of a 10 mm square hardwood spindle and stand it in a seat drilled in the centre of a food-safe box's floor. Slide a 16 mm tube over the spindle as the stem, glue the reciprocating dasher's sleeve on its lower end, and glue the lantern on the spindle's top above the lid.

Materials for this step:

Food-Grade Storage ContainerFood-Grade Storage Container1 piece
Hardwood DowelsHardwood Dowels1 piece
PVC PipePVC Pipe1 piece
Wood GlueWood Glue1 piece

Tools needed:

Cordless DrillCordless Drill
Drill Bit SetDrill Bit Set
HacksawHacksaw
6

Drive on the lid

Screw two pine standards to a plywood half-lid and pass a 10 mm square driving shaft through them, with the crown wheel on its inner end meshing the lantern and the crank arm on its outer end. Join the crown wheel's crank pin to the stem's top with a pine rod on screws.

Materials for this step:

Plywood SheetPlywood Sheet1 piece
Pine BoardPine Board1 piece
Hardwood DowelsHardwood Dowels1 piece
Machine ScrewsMachine Screws1 piece
Hex NutHex Nut1 piece
#8 x 1" Wood Screw#8 x 1" Wood Screw1 piece

Tools needed:

Hand SawHand Saw
Cordless DrillCordless Drill
Drill Bit SetDrill Bit Set
Screwdriver SetScrewdriver Set
Adjustable SpannerAdjustable Spanner
7

The build in 3D

FreeCAD model of this build, not of the patent: the box cut away to show the rotary dasher at the spindle's foot and the perforated dasher on its sliding stem, and on the lid the crown wheel and lantern, the rod and the crank.
Design FileBLENDCC0 - Free
Download Model
8

Crank and make butter

Let the heavy cream stand until it reaches about 15 °C, checked with the thermometer. Pour in 2 litres. Crank steadily; time until the butter comes. Pour off the buttermilk, add cold water, churn a little and pour off again until it runs clear; work in a pinch of salt and weigh the butter.
Step 8 - Image 1

Materials for this step:

Heavy CreamHeavy Cream2000 ml
Coarse Sea SaltCoarse Sea Salt1 piece
WaterWater1 piece

Tools needed:

Leave-In Probe ThermometerLeave-In Probe Thermometer
StopwatchStopwatch
Digital Kitchen ScaleDigital Kitchen Scale
Stainless Steel Mixing Bowl (Large)Stainless Steel Mixing Bowl (Large)
9

Gears that skip, a stem that binds

Double-motion dasher churn troubleshooting.

Flow

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History and honest limits

**Alexander Hall** of Loydsville, Belmont County, Ohio, received US 6,777, dated 9 October 1849, signed 7 August 1849. The spindle could be stepped in the bottom with a bearing in the top, or hung from the top alone; and by putting the pinion on the tubular stem instead, the upper dasher could revolve and the lower reciprocate. He claimed "the combination of a reciprocating dasher with a revolving dasher." **Honest limits.** A pegged crown wheel and lantern pinion stand in for his bevel wheels; a food-safe box and printed dashers for his tub and dashers. FDM prints hold food in their layer lines, so wash well and replace when worn. Your times and weights are the result.

Materials

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Tools Required

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Design Files

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CC0 Public Domain

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