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Endless-Chain Trailing-Paddle Churn: Paddles Hung on a Chain Drag Through the Cream
Harvey Brown of New York received US 19,828, dated 6 April 1858, for a churn in which two shafts across a box carry notched wheels, an endless chain of links and connecting rods runs over them, and trailing paddles hang from the rods, twelve in his model.
This rung prints the wheels, links and paddles, builds the box and makes butter.
Advanced
About 5 hours, plus printing
Instructions
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The chain in numbers
The chain in numbers
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Paddles on a cylinder, before it
Paddles on a cylinder, before it
Pike set paddles on a turning cylinder; Brown hung them on an endless chain.
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Read US 19,828
Read US 19,828
"The object of this invention is the churning of butter by agitation incidentally but more particularly by friction from the operation of the trailing paddles as attached to an endless chain in this invention, or to a single cylinder to which they might be attached and inclosed in a corresponding box."
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Print the parts
Print the parts
Print four notched wheels (/uploads/blueprints/endless-chain-trailing-paddle-churn-notched-wheel.stl), 24 links (/uploads/blueprints/endless-chain-trailing-paddle-churn-link.stl) and 12 paddles (/uploads/blueprints/endless-chain-trailing-paddle-churn-paddle.stl). Print in PETG at 0.2 mm layers, 30 % infill, 4 walls; wash before first use.
Materials for this step:
PETG Filament1 pieceTools needed:
FDM 3D Printer5
5
Box and shafts
Box and shafts
Use a food-grade container about 360 × 140 × 200 mm. Drill its sides for two 10 mm square hardwood shafts, 150 mm apart and 90 mm above the floor; one passes out through the side for the crank. Fix two wheels on each shaft, 88 mm apart, and seal the holes.
Materials for this step:
Food-Grade Storage Container1 piece
Hardwood Dowels1 piece
Silicone Sealant1 pieceTools needed:
Cordless Drill
Drill Bit Set
Hand Saw6
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Chain and paddles
Chain and paddles
Cut twelve 104 mm rods of 4 mm steel. Join them with the links, two at each end, into an endless chain; thread a paddle on each rod by its eye. Lay the chain over the wheels, a rod in every notch, and glue a pine crank on the long shaft.
Materials for this step:
Mild Steel Rod1 piece
Pine Board1 piece
Wood Glue1 pieceTools needed:
Hacksaw
Metal File7
7
The build in 3D
The build in 3D
FreeCAD model of this build: the box cut open to show the two shafts, four notched wheels, the twelve-rod chain and the trailing paddles dragging along its lower run.
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Crank and churn
Crank and churn
Let the heavy cream stand until it reaches about 15 °C, checked with the thermometer. Pour in 1.5 litres. Crank so the top of the chain moves away from the crank; the paddles trail through the cream. Time until the butter comes. Pour off the buttermilk, add cold water, churn a little and pour off again until it runs clear; work in a pinch of salt and weigh the butter.
Materials for this step:
Heavy Cream1500 ml
Coarse Sea Salt1 piece
Water1 pieceTools needed:
Leave-In Probe Thermometer
Stopwatch
Digital Kitchen Scale
Stainless Steel Mixing Bowl (Large)9
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Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting
Endless-chain churn troubleshooting.
Flow
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History and honest limits
History and honest limits
**Harvey Brown** of New York, US 19,828, 6 April 1858. He claimed the arrangement of the trailing paddles, wheels and gearing. He also allowed a floating board on the cream to add friction on the paddles' return; we leave it out. His drawing gives no sizes; ours are ours. FDM prints hold food in their layer lines, so wash well and replace when worn.
Materials
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Tools Required
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Design Files
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CC0 Public Domain
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