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Forged Cross-Peen Hammer
Smiths make their own hammers. A bar of high-carbon steel is punched through hot for the eye, the eye is opened to shape with a drift, one end is drawn into a peen, and the head is cut off the bar. It is hardened all over, then tempered by heat run from the middle: the eye and cheeks are left soft (blue) so they do not crack, the faces harder (straw) so they do not dent. The handle is riven ash or hickory, wedged into the eye.
Advanced
A day
Instructions
1
1
Square the bar
Square the bar
Forge crucible steel into a square bar about 30 mm across, long enough to hold by one end.
Materials for this step:
Crucible Steel2 kg
Charcoal - Lump15 kgTools needed:
Blacksmith Forge
Anvil
Sledgehammer
Blacksmith Tongs
Leather Apron
Welding Gloves
Safety Glasses
Ear Protection Muffs2
2
Punch the eye
Punch the eye
At a yellow heat, drive the hot punch halfway in from one side, turn the bar over and punch through from the other side over the anvil's hole. Cool the punch often.
Materials for this step:
Water5 litersTools needed:
Hot PunchSledgehammerAnvil
Quench Bucket3
3
Drift the eye
Drift the eye
Drive the drift through the hot eye from both sides to open it to the handle's shape.
Tools needed:
DriftSledgehammer4
4
Draw the peen
Draw the peen
Mark the head's length. Draw one side of the eye into a wedge-shaped peen with the fuller and flatter, its edge across the handle's line.
Tools needed:
Fuller
FlatterSledgehammer5
5
Cut off and dress
Cut off and dress
Cut the head off the bar on the hot-cut hardy. Square and slightly dome the face; round the peen's edge.
Tools needed:
Hot Cut HardySledgehammer
File Set6
6
Normalise
Normalise
Heat it to a red heat and let it cool in still air, three times, to relieve the forging.
Tools needed:
Blacksmith ForgeBlacksmith Tongs7
7
Harden
Harden
Heat evenly until a magnet no longer sticks, and quench it in warm oil in a lidded bucket, moving it, for a few minutes.
Materials for this step:
Rapeseed Oil5 litersTools needed:
Blacksmith Forge
Magnet
Metal Bucket with LidBlacksmith TongsWelding Gloves8
8
Temper from the eye
Temper from the eye
Sand the faces bright. Heat the middle of the head with the torch and watch the colours run out toward the ends: when the faces reach straw and the eye is blue, quench it in water.
Tools needed:
Sandpaper Sheet
Propane TorchQuench BucketBlacksmith Tongs9
9
Handle
Handle
Shave the handle stock to fit the eye tightly, drive the head on, saw a kerf in the handle's top and drive a glued hardwood wedge into it. Trim flush and oil the handle.
Materials for this step:
Hardwood Handle Stock1 piece
Hardwood Wedge1 piece
Linseed Oil10 mlTools needed:
Spokeshave
Crosscut Saw
Bench Vise10
10
Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting
Hammer making troubleshooting.
Flow
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Materials
7- 2 kgPlaceholder
- 15 kgPlaceholder
- 5 litersPlaceholder
- 5 litersPlaceholder
- 1 piecePlaceholder
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Tools Required
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