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Gas Liquor: the Ammoniacal Liquor of the Gasworks, in Three Stages (Thorpe, 1912)
The ammoniacal liquor that coal-gas works collect as they cool and wash their crude gas: weak liquor from the hydraulic main, stronger liquor from the condensers, and scrubber liquor from washing out the last ammonia. All of it is run with the tar into a storage well and the liquor settled off the tar.
Settled gas liquor is pale yellow to dark brown, smells of ammonia, sulphuretted hydrogen and phenols, and has a specific gravity of 1.01 to 1.03. About 20 to 25 per cent of its ammonia is 'fixed' and needs lime to set it free.
Source: T. E. Thorpe, Dictionary of Applied Chemistry vol. I (1912), p. 144. Picture: the book's text.
Advanced
Unknown
Instructions
1
1
Carbonise the coal
Carbonise the coal
Distil coal destructively, as in coal-gas making. The crude gas carries steam, ammonia, tar and acid gases. Ours: bituminous coal in an iron retort.
Materials for this step:
Bituminous Coal1 pieceTools needed:
Iron Retort2
2
Collect the hydraulic main liquor
Collect the hydraulic main liquor
Cool the gas to 50°-60° in the hydraulic main. The liquor formed here is weak, 0.5-1.0 per cent of NH3, because ammonia dissolves less at that heat.
Tools needed:
Condenser Coil3
3
Collect the condenser liquor
Collect the condenser liquor
Cool the gas further to air temperature in the condensers. This liquor is stronger, 2-3.5 per cent of NH3. With the main liquor it forms the 'virgin liquor', made from the steam in the crude gas.
Tools needed:
Condenser Coil4
4
Wash the gas in the scrubbers
Wash the gas in the scrubbers
Wash the cooled gas to take out the rest of the ammonia. The weak hydraulic main liquor, cooled, is often used in the first washers or scrubbers, where it grows stronger; the last scrubber must use fresh water.
Materials for this step:
Water1 fresh, for the final scrubberTools needed:
Gas Scrubbing Tower5
5
Settle the liquor from the tar
Settle the liquor from the tar
Run the liquor from all stages, with the tar, into a common storage well and let it settle. Draw off the ammoniacal liquor above the tar.
Tools needed:
Settling TankTools Required
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