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Swinging-Tub Partition Churn: Rods to the Still Frame Flap the Dashers as the Hung Tub Swings
William Kelly of Hastings, Michigan, received US 24,127, dated 24 May 1859, for a vibrating churn. The tub hangs by straps from studs on a frame and is swung by its handles. A slide partition divides it in two; a dasher is hinged to each side of the partition, and a rod from each dasher's middle hooks onto the still frame. As the tub swings, the rods make the dashers flap, driving the cream against the partition and through openings at its foot from one side to the other. Holes in the dashers, and channels down through the partition, let air into the cream.
This rung builds it with a 20-litre bucket hung on its side in a timber frame.
Intermediate
About 1 day, plus printing
Instructions
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How the dashers flap
How the dashers flap
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Swinging to work two dashers, before it
Swinging to work two dashers, before it
Merrill swung a pendulum beside the churn. Kelly swings the tub itself, and the still frame works the dashers.
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Read US 24,127
Read US 24,127
"... as the dasher draws near the partition, the space is vacated by the cream passing out through the openings h h h in the partition D alternately from one apartment to the other."
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Print the guide
Print the guide
A groove for the partition's edge. Print two. PETG, 0.2 mm layers, 40 % infill, 4 walls; wash before first use.
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Print the box f
Print the box f
A journal box for a dasher. Print four. PETG, 0.2 mm layers, 40 % infill, 4 walls; wash before first use.
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Frame
Frame
From 40 x 40 mm timber cut two rails A 640 mm long, four legs splayed from 150 mm either side of a rail's middle to 360 mm out at the floor, and two stretchers 440 mm long. Screw the legs to the rails' ends so the rails stand 580-620 mm up, 480 mm apart, and screw the stretchers between the leg pairs 130 mm up. Screw two cross pieces B 520 x 40 x 30 mm across the rails' tops 220 mm apart, and an eye bolt (staple g) under each at its middle. Put an M12 bolt through each rail's middle, pointing in, as the studs c.
Materials for this step:
Softwood Timber 70x70mm4 pieces
#10 x 3" Wood Screw24 pieces
Eye Bolt2 pieces
Hex Bolt Assortment2 pieces
Flat Washer4 piecesTools needed:
Hand Saw
Protractor
Cordless Drill
Drill Bit Set
Adjustable Spanner
Tape Measure7
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Tub C and cover I
Tub C and cover I
Lay a food-grade 20-litre bucket on its side, its lid snapped on. Cut away its wall above a level 100 mm over its axis to open the top, and file the edge smooth. Screw a flat-bar strap 30 x 6 mm to the middle of the bottom and of the lid, rising to 180 mm above the axis, each drilled 13 mm at the top to hook on a stud. Glue a guide upright in the middle of the bottom and of the lid, inside. Screw a hardwood foot G under the bucket and a hardwood handle H on each side at axis height. Cut a plywood cover I 340 x 250 mm with a slot 78 x 24 mm each side of the middle.
Materials for this step:
20-Liter Bucket1 piece
Mild Steel Flat Bar1 piece
Machine Screws8 pieces
Nylon Insert Lock Nut8 pieces
PETG Filament1 piece
Hardwood Board1 piece
Wood Screws6 pieces
Plywood Sheet1 pieceTools needed:
FDM 3D Printer
Jigsaw
Files (Hand File)
Hacksaw
Bench ViseCordless DrillDrill Bit Set
Screwdriver Set8
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Partition D and dashers E
Partition D and dashers E
Glue up a hardwood partition D 356 x 231 x 20 mm. Cut three half-round openings h 36 mm across in its foot, 100 mm apart, and drill an 8 mm channel j down from the top edge into each. Screw two journal boxes f on each face 113 mm above the foot, 160 mm apart. Cut two dashers E 100 x 220 mm from 10 mm plywood, drill each with four 24 mm holes i, glue an 8 mm dowel 200 mm long along one long edge as the journal, and glue a small block on top 50 mm from that edge for the rod's hook. Snap the journals into the boxes and slide the partition into its guides.
Materials for this step:
Hardwood Board1 piece
Wood Glue1 piecePlywood Sheet1 piece
Hardwood Dowels1 pieceMachine Screws8 piecesTools needed:
Hand SawJigsaw
Spade Bit SetCordless DrillDrill Bit Set
SandpaperScrewdriver Set9
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Hang it and fit the rods
Hang it and fit the rods
Hook the straps over the studs so the tub hangs between the rails. Bend two 6 mm stainless rods with a hook at each end, 224 mm between hooks; put the cover on, pass a rod down each slot and hook it through the dasher's block below and the eye bolt above.
Materials for this step:
Stainless Steel Rod1 pieceTools needed:
Bench ViseHacksawFiles (Hand File)10
10
The build in 3D
The build in 3D
FreeCAD model of this build, the front half cut away: the frame with its studs, cross pieces and eye bolts, the bucket hung on its straps, the cover, the partition in its guides with its foot openings, the two hinged dashers and their rods. It was checked at five swing angles from -15 to +15 degrees.
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Churn
Churn
Lift the cover, pour about 8 litres of heavy cream at about 15 °C into the two halves, checked with the thermometer, and put the cover back over the rods. Take a handle and swing the tub steadily about 15 degrees each way; time it. When the butter comes, unhook the rods, lift out the partition and dashers, unhook the tub, pour off the buttermilk, wash the butter in cold water until it runs clear, work in a pinch of salt and weigh it.
Materials for this step:
Heavy Cream8 l
Coarse Sea Salt1 piece
Water1 pieceTools needed:
Leave-In Probe Thermometer
Stopwatch
Digital Kitchen Scale
Stainless Steel Mixing Bowl (Large)12
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Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting
Swinging-tub churn troubleshooting.
Flow
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History and honest limits
History and honest limits
**William Kelly** of Hastings, Barry County, Michigan, US 24,127, 24 May 1859. He did not claim working dashers by the churn's swinging as such, only the dashers with the slide partition and rods so joined to the frame. His tub was made cylindrical below the centre and flat on two sides; ours is a bucket on its side. He gave no sizes: every size and material and the 15 degree swing are ours.
Materials
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Tools Required
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Design Files
3This blueprint makes
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