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Nested Counter-Dasher Pin-Clutch Churn: Two Dashers Turn Opposite Ways, Reverse the Winch and Only the Outer One Gathers
Tinny

Created by

Tinny

8. October 2026US
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Nested Counter-Dasher Pin-Clutch Churn: Two Dashers Turn Opposite Ways, Reverse the Winch and Only the Outer One Gathers

T. B. Harper of Xenia, Ohio, received US 20,062, dated 27 April 1858, for a churn with two dashers, one inside the other. A bevel wheel turned by a winch drives both: one way the two turn opposite to each other to churn; the other way a dropping pin lets the inner dasher stand while the outer one gathers the butter. This rung prints the dashers, the bevel gears and the pin clutch at tabletop scale, in a stock pot.
Advanced
About 6 hours, plus printing

Instructions

1

Wheel and pinions

Loading Jupyter Notebook...
2

Counter-turning churns, before it

That churn turned its two beater sets together to gather; Harper stops the inner dasher with a one-way pin.
3

Read US 20,062

"Thus, I am enabled to produce two different movements of the dashers; one for churning, and the other for gathering the butter, by simply turning the winch in opposite directions."
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Print the parts

Print the inner dasher (/uploads/blueprints/nested-counter-dasher-pin-clutch-churn-inner-dasher.stl), the outer dasher (/uploads/blueprints/nested-counter-dasher-pin-clutch-churn-outer-dasher.stl), the hollow journal (/uploads/blueprints/nested-counter-dasher-pin-clutch-churn-hollow-journal.stl), pinions G (/uploads/blueprints/nested-counter-dasher-pin-clutch-churn-pinion-g.stl) and H (/uploads/blueprints/nested-counter-dasher-pin-clutch-churn-pinion-h.stl), the driving wheel (/uploads/blueprints/nested-counter-dasher-pin-clutch-churn-driving-wheel.stl), the disk (/uploads/blueprints/nested-counter-dasher-pin-clutch-churn-disk-l.stl), the pin (/uploads/blueprints/nested-counter-dasher-pin-clutch-churn-pin.stl), the step (/uploads/blueprints/nested-counter-dasher-pin-clutch-churn-step.stl), the cover (/uploads/blueprints/nested-counter-dasher-pin-clutch-churn-cover.stl), the standard (/uploads/blueprints/nested-counter-dasher-pin-clutch-churn-standard.stl) and the crank (/uploads/blueprints/nested-counter-dasher-pin-clutch-churn-crank.stl). Print in PETG at 0.2 mm layers, 30 % infill, 4 walls; wash before first use.

Materials for this step:

PETG FilamentPETG Filament1 piece

Tools needed:

FDM 3D PrinterFDM 3D Printer
5

Dashers and shaft

Cut a 10 mm square hardwood strip about 330 mm long as the shaft and sand it. Set the step in the bottom of the pot. Push the shaft through the inner dasher, stand it in the step, and lower the outer dasher round it, its bottom piece turning freely on the shaft. Push the hollow journal onto the outer dasher's top piece, over the shaft.

Materials for this step:

Stock PotStock Pot1 piece
Hardwood StripHardwood Strip1 piece

Tools needed:

Hand SawHand Saw
SandpaperSandpaper
6

Cover, gears and pin clutch

Lay the cover on the pot with the journal through its centre. Slide pinion G onto the flat at the journal's top. Slide pinion H loose onto the shaft above it, put the pin in its hole, and fit the disk on the shaft over it, notch down. Screw the standard to the cover from below with two M4 screws, push a 10 mm dowel through it as the winch axle, press the driving wheel tight onto its inner end so it meshes with G below and H above, and fix the crank on its outer end with an M3 screw drilled through the dowel.

Materials for this step:

Hardwood DowelsHardwood Dowels1 piece
Machine ScrewsMachine Screws1 piece

Tools needed:

Screwdriver SetScrewdriver Set
Hand SawHand Saw
Hand DrillHand Drill
7

The build in 3D

FreeCAD model of this build: the pot, the step, the square shaft, the inner and outer dashers with wings bevelled opposite ways, the hollow journal through the cover, the bevel wheel on the winch meshing pinion G below and pinion H above, the pin-and-notch disk and the standard.
Design FileBLENDCC0 - Free
8

Churn, then gather

Pour in 1 litre of heavy cream at about 15 °C, checked with the thermometer. Turn the winch the way that couples the pin, so both dashers turn opposite to each other, and time it with the stopwatch. When the butter comes, turn the winch the other way: the pin rides up its slope, the inner dasher stands still and the outer one gathers the butter at the edge. Pour off the buttermilk, wash the butter in cold water until it runs clear, work in a pinch of salt and weigh it.

Materials for this step:

Heavy CreamHeavy Cream1 l
Coarse Sea SaltCoarse Sea Salt1 piece
WaterWater1 piece

Tools needed:

Leave-In Probe ThermometerLeave-In Probe Thermometer
StopwatchStopwatch
Digital Kitchen ScaleDigital Kitchen Scale
Stainless Steel Mixing Bowl (Large)Stainless Steel Mixing Bowl (Large)
9

Troubleshooting

Nested counter-dasher churn troubleshooting.

Flow

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History and honest limits

**T. B. Harper** of Xenia, Greene County, Ohio, US 20,062, 27 April 1858, signed 6 March 1858. Each of his dashers had top and bottom pieces joined at their ends by vertical wings, bevelled to cleave the cream one way on one dasher and the other way on the other. He claimed the pinion H, the disk L and the pin h, arranged with the winch and the two dashers as described. Our sizes, gear counts and printed parts are ours. FDM prints hold food in their layer lines, so wash well and replace when worn.

Materials

8

Tools Required

9

Design Files

1

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